状态焦虑在不同认知负荷情况下对抑制控制的影响：基于Stroop范式的探索

The Impact of State Anxiety on Inhibitory Control under Varying Cognitive Loads: An Investigation Based on the Stroop Paradigm

摘要: 目的：本研究旨在深入探讨状态焦虑在不同认知负荷情况下对抑制控制的影响机制。方法：采用状态–特质焦虑量表(STAI)筛选被试并评估状态焦虑水平。通过标准化视频片段操控认知负荷(高/低)，并运用Stroop任务范式测量抑制控制表现(正确率、反应时)。结果：正确率分析显示：状态焦虑组别主效应显著(低焦虑组 > 高焦虑组)，认知负荷主效应显著(低负荷组 > 高负荷组)，且二者交互作用显著；简单效应分析表明，高状态焦虑条件下认知负荷对正确率的负面影响显著大于低状态焦虑条件。反应时分析仅发现认知负荷主效应显著(低负荷反应时 < 高负荷反应时)。结论：研究结果表明，状态焦虑与认知负荷共同作用于个体的抑制控制功能，特别是在高状态焦虑下，认知负荷的增加会显著加剧抑制控制(以正确率为指标)的损害。

Abstract: Objective: This research endeavors to delve comprehensively into the mechanism through which state anxiety impacts inhibitory control under diverse cognitive load scenarios. Methods: The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was utilized to screen participants and quantify their state anxiety levels. Cognitive load was experimentally manipulated (categorized as high or low) via standardized video segments. The Stroop task paradigm was adopted to evaluate inhibitory control performance, with metrics including accuracy rate and reaction time. Results: The analysis of accuracy rates revealed a notable main effect of the state anxiety group, where the performance of the low-anxiety group outperformed that of the high-anxiety group. Similarly, a significant main effect of cognitive load was observed, with the low-load group demonstrating higher accuracy than the high-load group. Moreover, a significant interaction effect between state anxiety and cognitive load was detected. Simple effect analysis further indicated that under high state anxiety conditions, the detrimental impact of cognitive load on accuracy was significantly more pronounced compared to low state anxiety conditions. Regarding reaction time analysis, only a significant main effect of cognitive load was identified, with the reaction time in the low-load condition being shorter than that in the high-load condition. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that state anxiety and cognitive load interactively influence an individual’s inhibitory control function. Specifically, under high state anxiety, an increase in cognitive load significantly intensifies the impairment of inhibitory control, as measured by accuracy rate.