时间观对大学生学业拖延的预测：反刍思维的中介效应
The Prediction of Time Perspective on Academic Procrastination among College Students: The Mediating Role of Rumination
摘要: 学业拖延作为大学生群体中普遍存在的非适应性行为，不仅直接导致学业表现下滑，更与焦虑、抑郁等心理健康问题形成恶性循环。时间观作为个体对时间的认知、体验与行动倾向，其不同维度对拖延行为的影响路径尚不明晰，反刍思维作为一种负性认知思维在其中是否存在中介效应尚待检验。本研究基于津巴多时间观理论，采用津巴多时间观量表(ZTPI)、反刍思维量表(RRS)和学业拖延量表(API)对266名大学生进行调查，研究时间观对大学生学业拖延的预测以及反刍思维的中介作用。结果发现，消极过去时间观(β = 0.219, p < 0.001)与宿命现在时间观(β = 0.199, p < 0.001)显著正向预测学业拖延，未来时间观(β = −0.503, p < 0.001)和积极过去时间观(β = −0.120, p < 0.01)负向预测拖延，享乐现在时间观预测作用不显著。反刍思维在四维度与拖延间起部分中介作用，具体中介效应值及占比为：消极过去(0.14, 28.57%)、宿命现在(0.11, 21.15%)、积极过去(−0.18, 25.35%)、未来(−0.14, 12.69%)。结果揭示时间观通过反刍思维间接影响拖延，为针对性干预提供依据。
Abstract: Academic procrastination is a widespread maladaptive behavior among college students that not only directly contributes to declining academic performance but also forms a vicious cycle with mental health issues like anxiety and depression. As an individual’s cognitive, experiential and behavioral orientation toward time, different dimensions of time perspective show varying yet unclear pathways of influence on procrastination behavior. Furthermore, whether rumination—a negative cognitive pattern—serves as a mediating mechanism in this relationship requires empirical verification. This study examined 266 college students using the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) and Academic Procrastination Inventory (API) based on Zimbardo’s Time Perspective Theory. The results revealed significant predictive effects: Past Negative (β = 0.219, p < 0.001) and Present Fatalistic (β = 0.199, p < 0.001) positively predicted procrastination, while Future (β = −0.503, p < 0.001) and Past Positive (β = −0.120, p < 0.01) showed negative predictions. Present Hedonistic demonstrated no significant predictive effect. Analysis confirmed rumination’s partial mediating role between four time perspective dimensions and procrastination. The specific indirect effects and proportions were: Negative Past (0.14, 28.57%), Present Fatalistic (0.11, 21.15%), Positive Past (−0.18, 25.35%), and Future (−0.14, 12.69%). These findings indicate that time perspectives influence procrastination both directly and indirectly through rumination, offering valuable insights for developing targeted psychological interventions to address academic procrastination among college students.
文章引用：汪婕妤 (2025). 时间观对大学生学业拖延的预测：反刍思维的中介效应. 心理学进展, 15(9), 431-440. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2025.159533

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