特征混淆对记忆的影响：虚假记忆还是错误记忆？
The Effect of Feature Confusion on Memory: False Memory or Misremember?
DOI: 10.12677/ap.2025.159534, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 刘永华：柳州职业技术大学通识教育学院，广西 柳州
关键词: 虚假记忆；错误记忆；记忆错误；特征混淆；False Memory； Misremember； Memory Errors； Feature Confusion
摘要: 研究以人物图片作为实验材料，参照DRM范式通过特征混淆诱发虚假记忆(虚报)和错误记忆(漏报)两种记忆错误，比较二者的加工特征。实验一通过相似组人物图片的换脸处理，结果发现“形似实非”造成相似性特征混淆的人物图片诱发的虚假再认率显著高于无关刺激图，虚假记忆效果显著，且虚假再认的反应时要显著长于真实再认。实验二通过相似组人物的简单化妆处理，结果发现“形异实同”造成显著特征混淆的人物图片错误再认率显著高于无关刺激图，错误记忆效应显著，且错误再认的反应时要显著长于真实再认。实验结果说明，两种记忆错误具有真实存在性，相似性特征混淆可诱发高虚假记忆，而显著性特征混淆可诱发高错误记忆，且特征混淆会使个体花更长的时间进行特征搜索与比较。
Abstract: This study uses character pictures as experimental materials, and compares the processing characteristics of two types of memory errors, false memory (commission error) and Misremember (omission error) through feature confusion with reference to the DRM paradigm. Experiment 1 showed that the false re-recognition rate induced by the character pictures caused by the confusion of similar characteristics caused by “similar appearance and real non-appearance” was significantly higher than that of the unrelated stimulus map, and the false memory effect was significant, and the response of false re-recognition was significantly longer than that of real re-recognition. Experiment 2 showed that the miss re-recognition rate of the character pictures caused by the confusion of significant features caused by “similar shapes and real similarities” was significantly higher than that of the unrelated stimulus images, and the misremember effect was significant, and the reaction of miss re-recognition was significantly longer than that of real re-recognition. The experimental results show that the two types of memory errors have real existence, similar feature confusion can induce high false memory, while salient feature confusion can induce high misremember, and feature confusion will make individuals spend a longer time searching and comparing features.
文章引用：刘永华 (2025). 特征混淆对记忆的影响：虚假记忆还是错误记忆？. 心理学进展, 15(9), 441-449. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2025.159534

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