电商平台知识产权恶意投诉的法律规制路径研究

A Study on the Legal Regulatory Paths for Malicious Intellectual Property Complaints on E-Commerce Platforms

摘要: 《电子商务法》确立的“通知–删除”规则为知识产权维权提供了便捷渠道，但恶意投诉行为的泛滥已成为电商行业健康发展的阻碍。当前司法实践中，“恶意”认定标准不统一、“反通知–恢复”制度中“15天静默期”被滥用、被投诉经营者救济路径不畅等问题突出。本文通过分析制度缺陷与司法困境，提出应确立“明知 + 不当动机”的恶意认定标准，将“15天静默期”修改为“合理期限”，并构建反不正当竞争法与确认不侵权之诉并行的救济体系，辅以反向行为保全制度，以期平衡各方利益，遏制恶意投诉乱象。

Abstract: The “Notice-and-Takedown” rule established by the E-commerce Law provides a convenient channel for intellectual property rights protection. However, the rampant occurrence of malicious complaints has become an obstacle to the healthy development of the e-commerce industry. Currently, in judicial practice, problems such as inconsistent standards for determining “maliciousness”, abuse of the “15-day silent period” in the “Counter-Notice-and-Restore” system, and unsmooth relief paths for the complained operators are prominent. This article, through analyzing the institutional deficiencies and judicial predicaments, proposes that the standard for determining “maliciousness” should be established as “knowing + improper motive”, the “15-day silent period” should be modified to a “reasonable period”, and a relief system combining the Anti-Unfair Competition Law and the action for confirmation of non-infringement should be constructed, supplemented by a reverse behavior preservation system, in order to balance the interests of all parties and curb the chaos of malicious complaints.