功能对等理论视角下诗歌翻译差异研究——以《自我之歌》两译本为例

A Study on Discrepancies in Poetry Translation from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory—A Case Study of Two Chinese Versions of Song of Myself

摘要: 尤金·奈达的“功能对等”理论为翻译对等性研究提供了核心分析框架。本文立足该理论视角，以沃尔特·惠特曼诗歌《自我之歌》的楚图南与李野光中译本为研究对象，通过对比两译本在语言形式、文化意象及读者接受层面的差异性处理，探究诗歌翻译中功能对等的实现路径与动态特征。研究结合文本内部的语言特征分析与外部的社会文化语境，揭示译者策略差异对等效翻译的影响，最终论证功能对等理论在诗歌翻译实践中的适用性及其对翻译批评的理论价值。

Abstract: Eugene Nida’s Functional Equivalence theory provides a key theoretical paradigm for core translation equivalence research. Using this theory as its framework and employing a methodology of comparative analysis and close reading, this study conducts a systematic investigation of two Chinese translations of Walt Whitman’s Song of Myself by Chu Tunan and Li Yeguang. It focuses on analyzing the discrepant features presented in the two versions at the levels of lexicon, syntax, stylistic form, and cultural imagery, delving into the translators’ strategic choices reflected in these differences. By integrating internal textual analysis with external historical and cultural contexts, this research aims to reveal the dynamic application mechanism of the Functional Equivalence principle in poetry translation practice. Furthermore, it seeks to evaluate the explanatory power and guiding value of this theory for poetry translation criticism, thereby providing concrete case support for studies on literary translation equivalence.