脑出血患者术后肢体偏瘫康复治疗的临床应用研究进展

Research Progress on Clinical Application of Rehabilitation Treatment for Hemiplegia after Surgery in Patients with Cerebral Hemorrhage

摘要: 脑出血(intracerebral hemorrhage, ICH)是一种严重威胁全球公众健康的常见的脑血管急症，具有高发病率、高复发率、高致残率、高死亡率和高经济负担的特点。临床上，脑出血的外科治疗方式目前主要有开颅血肿清除术、血肿腔置管引流术和内镜下血肿清除术，可有效地清除颅内血肿和降低患者颅内压，提高存活率。脑出血术后肢体偏瘫是影响患者生活质量的主要后遗症之一，其康复治疗旨在通过综合干预促进神经功能重塑、改善肢体运动功能，降低致残率。近年来，随着康复医学与神经科学的交叉融合，偏瘫康复理念从“被动代偿”向“主动重塑”转变，治疗手段也日益多元化。本文系统综述脑出血术后肢体偏瘫康复治疗的核心策略、技术进展及研究热点，为临床实践提供参考。

Abstract: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a major cerebrovascular emergency with high incidence, recurrence, disability rates, mortality, and economic burden, poses significant threats to global public health. Current surgical approaches include craniotomy for hematoma evacuation, intracranial drainage catheter placement, and endoscopic hematoma removal, which effectively reduce intracranial pressure and improve survival rates. Postoperative hemiplegia remains a major complication affecting patients’ quality of life. Rehabilitation therapy focuses on comprehensive interventions to promote neural function remodeling, enhance motor skills, and minimize disability. Recent advancements in rehabilitation medicine and neuroscience have shifted hemiplegia rehabilitation from “passive compensation” to “active reconstruction”, with increasingly diversified treatment options. This systematic review examines core strategies, technological progress, and research hotspots in postoperative hemiplegia rehabilitation, providing practical guidance for clinical practice.