miRNA通过调控成骨–破骨平衡及经典通路干预骨质疏松的关联研究

miRNA Intervention in Osteoporosis: Regulation of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Balance and Classic Pathways

摘要: 骨质疏松症(OP)是一种以骨量减少、骨微结构破坏为特征的系统性骨骼疾病，骨质疏松症的核心病理机制在于骨稳态失衡，即骨吸收与骨形成的动态平衡被破坏，导致骨量减少、骨微结构退化及骨脆性增加，骨稳态失衡严重影响着人类健康。近年研究表明，微小RNA (miRNA)作为一类非编码小RNA，通过调控成骨与破骨细胞的分化、功能及相互作用，成为骨稳态失衡的关键分子开关，其双向调控能力使其成为骨稳态的核心协调者，同时通过整合Wnt、RANKL/RANK/OPG、BMP等经典通路，形成多维调控网络以改善骨稳态，进而防止骨代谢疾病。本文通过总结近年相关文献，对miRNA调控成骨与破骨细胞的分化及经典信号通路调控骨重塑研究进行综述，以期为改善骨稳态提供靶点与通路。

Abstract: Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mass and damaged bone microstructure. The core pathological mechanism of osteoporosis lies in the imbalance of bone homeostasis, that is, the dynamic balance between bone resorption and bone formation is disrupted, leading to decreased bone mass, degradation of bone microstructure, increased bone fragility, which seriously affects human health. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs), as a class of non-coding small RNAs, have become key molecular switches in bone homeostasis imbalance by regulating the differentiation, function and interaction of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Their bidirectional regulatory ability makes them core coordinators of bone homeostasis. Meanwhile, by integrating classic pathways such as Wnt, RANKL/RANK/OPG, and BMP, they form a multi-dimensional regulatory network to improve bone homeostasis and thus prevent bone metabolic diseases. This article summarizes recent relevant literatures and reviews the research on miRNA regulating the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts and the regulation of bone remodeling by classic signaling pathways, aiming to provide targets and pathways for improving bone homeostasis.