利用废瓷粉和废石膏制备抹灰砂浆

Preparation of Plastering Mortar Using Waste Porcelain Powder and Waste Gypsum

摘要: 本研究旨在用废瓷粉和废石膏分别替代传统拌灰砂浆中的天然砂骨料和部分胶凝材料制备复合胶凝再生抹灰砂浆。采用L₈ (2⁷)正交实验法，研究废石膏、废瓷粉和水泥掺量等因素对复合胶凝再生抹灰砂浆性能的影响。对抹灰砂浆进行物理性能(流动度、稠度等)、力学性能(抗压/抗折强度)测试及微观结构表征。通过正交实验筛选出最佳配方：废石膏为30% (wt%)，废瓷粉为40% (wt%)，水泥为30% (wt%)，纤维素醚为1.2 g/kg，消泡剂为2.0 g/kg，减水剂为1.5 g/kg，水灰比为0.35。最佳组合的稠度测量值为88 mm，14天拉伸粘结强度(与混凝土基层) 0.45 MPa，28天收缩率0.07%，保水率90.5%和抗压强度15.59 MPa，符合国家标准JGJ/T 240-2011《再生骨料应用技术规程》(内墙抹灰)和GB25181-2019《预拌砂浆》中普通抹灰砂浆的性能指标要求，用于室内干燥区域非承重墙抹灰。研究表明，废瓷粉与废石膏存在协同效应，能提高水泥增强型废石膏再生抹灰砂浆的抗压强度、改善微观结构。本研究为废瓷和废石膏在抹灰砂浆中的应用提供了理论支持和实践依据，具有减少废弃物堆积、缓解资源短缺的意义。

Abstract: This study aims to prepare composite cementitious recycled plaster mortar by replacing natural sand aggregates and some cementitious materials in traditional mortar mix with waste porcelain powder and waste gypsum, respectively. Using the L8 (2⁷) orthogonal experimental method, the effects of factors such as waste gypsum, waste ceramic powder, and cement dosage on the properties of composite cementitious recycled plaster mortar were studied. Conduct physical property tests (flowability, consistency, etc.), mechanical property tests (compressive/flexural strength), and microstructure characterization on plastering mortar. The optimal formula was selected through orthogonal experiments: waste gypsum was 30% (wt%), waste ceramic powder was 40% (wt%), cement was 30% (wt%), cellulose ether was 1.2 g/kg, defoamer was 2.0 g/kg, water reducer was 1.5 g/kg, and water cement ratio was 0.35. The optimal combination has a viscosity measurement value of 88 mm, a 14-day tensile bond strength (with concrete base) of 0.45 MPa, a 28-day shrinkage rate of 0.07%, a water retention rate of 90.5%, and a compressive strength of 15.59 MPa. It meets the performance requirements of ordinary plastering mortar in the national standards JGJ/T 240-2011 “Technical Specification for Application of Recycled Aggregates (Interior Wall Plastering)” and GB25181-2019 “Ready mixed Mortar”, and is used for plastering non load bearing walls in indoor dry areas. Research has shown that there is a synergistic effect between waste ceramic powder and waste gypsum, which can improve the compressive strength and microstructure of cement reinforced waste gypsum recycled plastering mortar. This study provides theoretical support and practical basis for the application of waste porcelain and waste gypsum in plastering mortar, which has the significance of reducing waste accumulation and alleviating resource shortages.