与物理揉搓处理结合的99%纯杜仲叶胶的酶生化提取法

An Enzyme Biochemical Method for Producing 99% Pure Eucommia Leaf Gum by Combining Physical Rubbing Treatment

摘要: “结合了物理揉搓处理的酶生物化学方法”生产杜仲叶胶的技术弥补了生物法耗时长成本高的缺陷。杜仲树叶是杜仲植株含胶器官中体量最大的每年生的可再生的，用之不竭的资源。生物酶法提胶技术的生产成本仅为树皮和果壳酶法的五分之一。在杜仲叶中杜仲胶仅分布和贮存于叶脉之中，叶片的绝大部分组织是提取天然药物成分的不含胶的叶肉。由于叶脉和叶肉组织的物理性质差异显著，叶脉具有韧性而叶肉组织疏松且易粉碎，经物理揉搓彼此分离，粉碎的细粉叶肉过筛后与成丝团叶脉分离两部分。除去了叶肉的含胶丝团叶脉的酶解净化工作量减少至叶片提胶的20%~30%，胶丝的生产成本和生产周期显著下降。重要的是：原叶片表面的阻隔生物侵蚀植物组的角质层在揉搓过程中，被物理磨擦破坏，并从叶肉和叶脉表面剥离下来。暴露在酶解液中的叶片和叶脉破裂截面和消除了角质层的表面与生物酶的接触，缔合更易发生降解反应，提高了生物酶对叶脉和叶肉组织的降解销蚀效率，游离出的叶脉胶丝更加纯净，达到≥99%高纯度化。

Abstract: The technology of producing Eucommia ulmoides leaf gum by the enzymatic biochemical methods combined physical rubbing treatment overcomes the shortcomings of the biological method, which is time-consuming and costly, such as long processing time and high cost. The leaves of the Eucommia tree are the largest annual, renewable and inexhaustible resource among the gel-containing organs of the Eucommia plant. The production cost of the bio-enzymatic extraction technology for extracting gums is only one fifth of that of the bark and shell enzymatic extraction method. In the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides, the Eucommia gum only distributes and stores within the veins of the leaves. The majority of the leaf tissue consists of non-gum-containing mesophyll that is suitable for extracting natural medicinal components. Due to the significant differences in physical properties between the veins and the parenchyma tissue of the leaves, the veins are tough while the parenchyma tissue is loose and easily crushed. Through physical rubbing, they were separated from each other. The crushed fine powder of the parenchyma tissue was then sieved and separated from the filamentous group of the veins. By removing the mesophyll from the gel-containing silk-like leaf veins, the enzymatic purification workload was reduced to 20% to 30% of that required for extracting the gel from the leaves. The production cost and production cycle of the gel fibers have significantly decreased. The important point is: The protective cuticle on the surface of the original leaf, which acts as a barrier against biological erosion of the plant, was physically worn away during the rubbing process and was detached from the surface of the mesophyll and veins. The rupture surfaces of the leaves and veins exposed to the enzymatic solution and the surfaces without the cuticle came into contact with the biological enzymes, facilitate the occurrence of degradation reactions, thereby enhancing the degradation and erosion efficiency of the biological enzymes on the veins and mesophyll tissues. The isolated leaf vein Eucommia gum filaments were even purer, reaching a purity of ≥99%.