子宫内膜息肉发病机制的研究进展

Research Progress on the Pathogenesis of Endometrial Polyps

摘要: 子宫内膜息肉(Endometrial Polyps, EPs)是一种临床上十分常见的妇科良性疾病，其发病被认为是一个涉及多因素的复杂过程，其中慢性炎症是重要的促成因素之一，慢性炎症会导致子宫内膜组织增生，形成息肉状赘生物凸向宫腔内，可呈单发或多发。EPs主要临床症状表现为白带异常、异常子宫出血、流产甚至不孕等，并且EPs经治疗后易复发，因此明确其发病机制对于该疾病的治疗及预防复发具有重大意义。本文系统梳理近年来子宫内膜息肉(EPs)发病机制的多因素研究进展，重点分析激素失衡、细胞增殖/凋亡、免疫炎症、代谢及环境因素等关键机制的相互作用，为临床预防、诊断及复发干预提供理论依据。

Abstract: Endometrial Polyps (EPs) are a highly prevalent benign gynecological condition. Their pathogenesis is considered a multifactorial process, with chronic inflammation serving as a significant contributing factor. This chronic inflammatory state can induce endometrial tissue hyperplasia, leading to the formation of polypoid masses projecting into the uterine cavity, which may present as solitary or multiple lesions. The primary clinical manifestations of EPs include abnormal vaginal discharge (leukorrhea), abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), spontaneous abortion (miscarriage), and even infertility. Furthermore, EPs exhibit a high recurrence rate following treatment. Consequently, elucidating their pathogenesis is of paramount significance for developing effective therapeutic strategies and preventing recurrence. This article systematically reviews recent advances in understanding the multifactorial pathogenesis of EPs. It focuses on analyzing the interplay among key mechanisms, including: Hormonal dysregulation, Alterations in cellular proliferation and apoptosis, Immune-inflammatory responses, Metabolic factors, Environmental factors. The aim is to provide a theoretical foundation for improved clinical prevention, diagnosis, and recurrence intervention strategies.