面向智慧矿山的压风系统物联网监测理论架构与关键技术研究

Research on IoT Monitoring Theoretical Architecture and Key Technologies for Compressed Air Systems in Smart Mines

摘要: 矿井压风系统作为智慧矿山能源保障的核心环节，其稳定运行直接关系到井下生产效率与作业安全。针对矿山压风系统监测存在的环境适应性差、数据利用率低等问题，本文基于物联网技术构建压风系统监测理论架构，提出基于“感知–传输–处理–应用”四级协同架构的智能监测体系，实现对空压机、管网、终端用风设备的全生命周期状态监测。同时，重点研究管网漏风定位难题，提出了一种基于改进Transformer结构的智能定位模型，通过引入管网拓扑先验信息与空间注意力机制，显著提升了泄漏点的识别精度与定位速度。

Abstract: The compressed air system, as the core component of smart mine energy supply, plays a pivotal role in underground production efficiency and operational safety. To address the existing challenges of poor environmental adaptability and low data utilization in mine air compression system monitoring, this paper proposes an IoT-based monitoring theoretical framework. A four-level collaborative architecture (“Sensing-Transmission-Processing-Application”) is established to achieve full lifecycle state monitoring of air compressors, pipeline networks, and end-use pneumatic equipment. Furthermore, this research focuses on the challenge of pipeline air leakage localization, proposing an intelligent localization model based on an improved Transformer architecture. By incorporating pipeline topology prior information and a spatial attention mechanism, the model significantly enhances the accuracy of leakage point identification and the speed of localization.