健康素养背景下高职医学生口腔健康教育路径探索——基于“三高两低”特征的实证分析及策略构建

Exploring the Path of Oral Health Education for Higher Vocational Medical Students in the Context of Health Literacy—An Empirical Analysis and Strategy Development Based on the “Three Highs and Two Lows” Characteristics

摘要: 目的：以高职院校医学生为研究对象，探讨基于健康素养理论的高职医学生口腔健康教育的优化路径，结合健康素养理论框架，为职业院校健康素养培养提供实证依据。方法：采用整群抽样法选取某高职院校医学专业大一学生(n = 201)，运用SPSS 26.0进行描述性统计；二元Logistic回归分析，探究口腔健康行为与龋齿风险的关联性；有序Logistic回归分析分析龋齿处理方式的影响因素。结果：受调查学生呈现“三高两低”特征，龋齿及牙齿缺损发生率(43.8%)、甜食及碳酸饮料摄入量(87.6%)、口腔健康知识需求量(85.1%)偏高；预防性行为(18.9%)及口腔健康服务利用率(30.9%)偏低。回归分析结果表明与从不摄入相比，偶尔甜食摄入频率(OR = 3.94~6.08)是患龋风险因素之一。结论：基于调查结果，结合职业教育特点，提出“课程 + 技术 + 服务”综合干预策略，并进一步制定了包含课程建设、技术平台与服务机制的具体实施方案，以及涵盖知识、行为、技能、健康结局等多维度的效果评估指标体系，为职业院校口腔健康教育提供了一套可操作、可评估的路径参考。

Abstract: Objective: Taking medical students in higher vocational colleges and universities as the research object, to explore the optimization path of oral health knowledge popularization in the context of vocational education, and combine with the theoretical framework of health literacy, to provide an empirical basis for the cultivation of health literacy in vocational colleges and universities. Methods: First-year medical students (n = 201) of a higher vocational college were selected by the whole cluster sampling method, and SPSS 26.0 was used to conduct descriptive statistics; binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the correlation between oral health behaviors and the risk of dental caries; and ordered logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of the way of caries treatment. Results: The surveyed students showed “three highs and two lows”, with high incidence of dental caries and tooth defects (43.8%), high intake of sweets and carbonated beverages (87.6%), and high demand for oral health knowledge (85.1%); and low preventive behaviors (18.9%) and low utilization rate of oral health services (30.9%). The results of regression analysis showed that the frequency of sweet intake (OR = 3.94~6.08) was one of the risk factors for caries. Conclusion: Based on the survey findings and in consideration of the characteristics of vocational education, a comprehensive intervention strategy combining “curriculum, technology and services” was proposed. This was further developed into a detailed implementation plan encompassing curriculum development, technological platforms and service mechanisms, alongside a multidimensional outcome evaluation framework covering knowledge, behaviour, skills and health outcomes. This provides vocational colleges with an actionable and assessable pathway for oral health education.