乌鲁木齐机场冬季冻雾天气研究文献综述

Literature Review on Winter Freezing Fog at Urumqi Airport

摘要: 冻雾是乌鲁木齐机场冬季典型的本地化强效气象影响因素，严重影响航班运行的安全与效率。基于近十几年来对新疆地区冻雾天气情况研究，归纳总结出新疆地区尤其是乌鲁木齐机场冬季冻雾天气的原因及数值预报模型应用情况，以及目前所使用的监测方法，结果显示：(1) 冻雾的生成主要是由于气温较低、湿度较大、存在逆温和低风速等条件所致。(2) 利用WRF模式能够较好模拟冻雾生成–维持–消散的过程，并且可以提供一些基本的要素预报数据用于预报预警当中。(3) 采用微波辐射计、风廓线雷达及视频监控摄像头等监测技术对冻雾的实时监测具有优势。总之，在可以预见的将来，由于数值天气预报模型的分辨率提高、多源数据融合以及资料同化水平的不断提高，冻雾预报的准确性以及预报时效性都将得到一定程度的改善。另外，提高冻雾天气预报预警的准确率意义重大，这不仅有利于保证航空飞行的安全，同时有利于航空公司提高空中交通运行效率，避免因为冻雾天气造成的航班延误或取消。

Abstract: Freezing fog is a typical and highly impactful localized meteorological phenomenon at Urumqi Airport during winter, significantly compromising the safety and efficiency of flight operations. Based on studies of freezing fog events in the Xinjiang region over the past decade, this paper summarizes the causes of winter freezing fog in Xinjiang, particularly at Urumqi Airport, reviews the application of numerical prediction models, and describes current monitoring methods. The findings indicate that: (1) Freezing fog formation primarily results from low temperatures, high humidity, temperature inversion, and low wind speed. (2) The WRF model effectively simulates the life cycle of freezing fog—formation, persistence, and dissipation—and provides essential forecast parameters for early warning systems. (3) Monitoring technologies such as microwave radiometers, wind profile radars, and video surveillance cameras offer distinct advantages for real-time observation of freezing fog. In the foreseeable future, with improvements in the resolution of numerical weather prediction models, advances in multi-source data fusion, and enhanced data assimilation techniques, both the accuracy and lead time of freezing fog forecasts are expected to improve. Furthermore, increasing the accuracy of freezing fog forecasts and warnings is of great importance, as it not only enhances aviation safety but also helps airlines optimize air traffic management, reducing flight delays and cancellations caused by such conditions.