神经外科患者术后疼痛护理研究现状

Research Status of Postoperative Pain Nursing in Neurosurgical Patients

摘要: 神经外科患者术后疼痛具有较高的发生率，它是机体对创伤或疾病的反应，保护着机体免受进一步的伤害。但同时，它对患者的生理、心理和行为均可造成不利的影响，进一步加重患者的痛苦。近年来研究表明，疼痛可引起负面效应，如心肺损伤、免疫抑制等，严重影响患者健康，延长了患者住院时间，增加了社会经济负担。疼痛护理是神经外科患者术后管理的重要环节，对于患者的术后康复有着重要意义。目前，术后疼痛的管理日益受到医护人员的重视，但仍存在诸多挑战。本文综述了国内外神经外科患者术后疼痛的定义、发生率、发生机制、评估工具、用药及护理等各方面，旨在为临床神经外科患者术后疼痛的护理提供参考依据，减少患者疼痛的发生，加快患者的康复速度。

Abstract: Postoperative pain has a high incidence in neurosurgical patients, which is the body’s response to trauma or disease and protects the body from further injury. But at the same time, it can cause adverse effects on the patient’s physiology, psychology and behavior, and further aggravate the patient’s pain. Recent studies have shown that pain can cause negative effects, such as cardiopulmonary injury and immunosuppression, which seriously affect the health of patients, prolong the length of hospital stay, and increase the social and economic burden of patients. Pain nursing is an important part of the postoperative management of neurosurgery patients, which is of great significance for the postoperative rehabilitation of patients. At present, the management of postoperative pain has received increasing attention from medical staff, but there are still many challenges. This article reviews the definition, incidence, mechanism, assessment tools, medication and nursing of postoperative pain in patients with neurosurgery at home and abroad, aiming to provide a reference for the nursing of postoperative pain in patients with neurosurgery, reduce the occurrence of pain in patients and accelerate the recovery of patients.