一种波轮洗衣机机械设计与参数校核

A Study on the Mechanical Design and Parameter Verification of a Pulsator Washing Machine

摘要: 波轮洗衣机以其结构紧凑、操作简便和适应性强的特点，成为家庭中广泛使用的洗涤设备。为提升其传动效率与运行稳定性，本文对一种典型波轮洗衣机结构进行了系统的机械优化设计。研究通过对电动机类型的比较选型，确定了双速变极电容式异步电动机作为主要驱动源；结合不同工作状态下的工况需求，设计了两级V带减速传动系统，并对关键参数如传动比、带轮直径、初拉力及包角进行了计算与校核；同时在波轮结构选型方面，通过性能分析确定采用碟形波轮，并合理设置其直径与筋条数量，以兼顾洗净比与织物保护。计算结果表明，该结构在满足基本洗涤功能的前提下，设计参数合理，具备进一步开展能耗与稳定性实验验证的基础。

Abstract: Pulsator washing machines are widely used in households due to their compact structure, user-friendly operation, and strong adaptability. In order to enhance transmission efficiency and operational stability, this study conducts a comprehensive mechanical optimization design of a typical pulsator washing machine structure. By comparing different types of motors, a dual-speed pole-changing capacitor asynchronous motor is selected as the primary driving source. A two-stage V-belt reduction transmission system is designed to meet the varying torque demands in washing and dehydration modes. Key parameters such as transmission ratio, pulley diameter, pre-tightening force, and wrap angle are calculated and verified. Regarding the wave wheel configuration, a disc-type impeller is chosen based on performance analysis, and its diameter and number of ribs are reasonably determined to balance between washing performance and fabric protection. The results indicate that, on the premise of meeting basic washing functions, the design parameters are reasonable, providing a basis for further energy consumption and stability experimental verification.