飞行学员专业认同感现状及其影响因素研究

Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Professional Identity of Flight Cadets

摘要: 采用定量研究与质性研究相结合的方法，探究飞行学员专业认同感的现状水平及影响因素。通过文献研究与访谈法编制《飞行学员专业认同感调查问卷》，对349名飞行学员样本进行施测，经统计学分析验证该问卷信效度良好(克隆巴赫α系数均>0.9，KMO = 0.965，p < 0.001)。结果表明：飞行学员专业认同由专业效能(对自身胜任能力的认可)、角色价值(对专业社会与个人价值的认可)、专业意志(坚持与再选择意愿)、情感认同(积极情感强度)四个维度构成；整体专业认同感处于中等偏上水平(M = 3.966, SD = 0.893)，其中角色价值(M = 4.053)与专业意志(M = 4.115)维度达高度认同，专业效能(M = 3.797)与情感认同(M = 3.905)维度为一般认同偏上。差异分析显示：19 级学员情感认同得分显著高于18级(p < 0.05)；在校理论学习阶段学员的角色价值(F = 3.435, p = 0.033)与情感认同(F = 3.71, p = 0.025)得分显著高于航校训练阶段学员；专业认同感总体得分在是否学生干部、户口所在地、就读年级、所处阶段上无显著差异(p > 0.05)。调节效应检验发现：低年级学员专业效能对总体认同的正向影响更强；在校理论阶段学员的专业意志、情感认同对总体认同的正向影响更显著；城市户口学员专业意志对总体认同的正向影响更强。基于研究结果，从宏观环境优化、培训策略完善、学员自我成长三方面提出提升建议。

Abstract: Using a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative research, this study investigated the current status and influencing factors of professional identity among flight cadets. The Flight Cadet Professional Identity Questionnaire was developed based on a literature review and interviews. It was administered to a valid sample of 349 flight cadets from the Civil Aviation University of China. Statistical analysis confirmed the questionnaire’s good reliability and validity (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients all > 0.9, KMO = 0.965, p < 0.001). The results indicated that flight cadets’ professional identity comprises four dimensions: professional efficacy (recognition of one’s own competence), role value (recognition of the profession’s social and personal value), professional volition (persistence and willingness to choose again), and affective identity (intensity of positive affect). Overall professional identity was at a moderately high level (M = 3.966, SD = 0.893). Specifically, the role value (M = 4.053) and professional volition (M = 4.115) dimensions reached a high level of identification, while professional efficacy (M = 3.797) and affective identity (M = 3.905) were at a level slightly above moderate identification. Difference analysis revealed that cadets of the 2019 cohort scored significantly higher on affective identity than those of the 2018 cohort (p < 0.05). Cadets in the on-campus theoretical training phase scored significantly higher on role value (F = 3.435, p = 0.033) and affective identity (F = 3.71, p = 0.025) than those in the flight school practical training phase. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in overall professional identity scores based on student leadership status, household registration location (hukou), enrolled year, or training phase (when considering the overall score). Moderation effect tests found that professional efficacy exerted a stronger positive influence on overall identity among lower-grade cadets. Professional volition and affective identity exerted more significant positive influences on overall identity among cadets in the on-campus theoretical training phase. Professional volition exerted a stronger positive influence on overall identity among cadets with urban household registration. Based on the findings, recommendations for enhancement are proposed from three perspectives: optimizing the macro-environment, refining training strategies, and facilitating cadets’ self-development.