全球数字产品贸易网络结构分析与启示

Analysis of the Global Digital Product Trade Network Structure and Its Implications

摘要: 本文基于社会网络分析方法，利用联合国贸易和发展会议数据库(UNCTAD STAT) 2007~2021年全球30个国家的双边ICT贸易数据，构建全球数字产品贸易网络，从网络中心性、联系强度和异质性三个维度系统考察了数字贸易的结构特征及其演化规律。研究发现：(1) 全球数字产品贸易网络呈现显著的“核心–边缘”结构，少数发达国家占据枢纽地位，新兴国家参与度提升但网络权力分配不均衡；(2) 贸易联系强度呈现两极分化，少数国家通过“超级连接”主导关键贸易流量，而2015年后地缘经济重构促使中等强度国家增多；(3) 网络异质性整体增强，表明多数国家贸易伙伴趋于多元化，全球价值链分工进一步深化。本研究为理解数字贸易网络的结构特征提供了新的分析框架，并为各国优化数字贸易政策、提升全球价值链地位提供了实证依据。

Abstract: Based on social network analysis (SNA) methods, this paper utilizes bilateral ICT trade data for 30 countries from the UNCTAD STAT database (2007~2021) to construct a global digital product trade network. It systematically examines the structural characteristics and evolution patterns of digital trade from three dimensions: network centrality, connection strength, and heterogeneity. The findings reveal that: (1) The global digital product trade network exhibits a significant “core-periphery” structure, with a few developed countries occupying hub positions. While participation from emerging economies has increased, the distribution of network power remains uneven. (2) The strength of trade connections shows polarization, where a handful of countries dominate key trade flows through “super connections”. However, geopolitical and economic restructuring post-2015 has led to an increase in countries with medium-strength connections. (3) Overall network heterogeneity has increased, indicating that most countries’ trade partners have become more diversified, and the division of labor within global value chains (GVCs) has further deepened. This study provides a new analytical framework for understanding the structural features of the digital trade network and offers empirical evidence for countries to optimize digital trade policies and enhance their positions in global value chains.