儿童社区获得性肺炎的病原学分析与变迁趋势

Analysis of Etiology and Changing Trends of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children

摘要: 本文综述了儿童社区获得性肺炎的病原学分析与变迁趋势。儿童社区获得性肺炎在国际范围内，儿童社区获得性肺炎(CAP)都是儿童健康的一大威胁，在发达国家中，如美国，社区获得性肺炎是儿童住院最常见的原因。同时在欠发达地区，呼吸道感染是儿科死亡病例的最主要原因之一。2015年，世界卫生组织统计，CAP导致920,136名所有年龄段儿童死亡，占全球5岁以下儿童死亡的16%，在新冠疫情前，全球的儿童社区获得性肺炎呈稳定上涨趋势，新冠疫情期间，由于防护措施的普及，社区获得性肺炎减少。新冠疫情后，儿童社区获得性肺炎又出现流行。本文旨在为临床治疗CAP提供病原体分析及变迁趋势。

Abstract: This article reviews the etiological analysis and changing trends of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. CAP is a major threat to children’s health worldwide. In developed countries such as the United States, CAP is the most common cause of hospitalization for children. Meanwhile, in underdeveloped regions, respiratory infections are one of the leading causes of pediatric deaths. In 2015, the World Health Organization reported that CAP caused 920,136 deaths among children of all ages, accounting for 16% of global deaths among children under 5 years old. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the global incidence of CAP in children was steadily increasing. During the pandemic, due to the widespread implementation of protective measures, the incidence of CAP decreased. However, after the pandemic, CAP has seen a resurgence among children. This article aims to provide an analysis of the pathogens and changing trends of CAP for clinical treatment.