煤矸石粒径级配对非胶结膏体充填效果的影响研究

Study on the Influence of Coal Gangue Particle Size Distribution on the Filling Effect of Non-Cemented Paste

摘要: 煤矸石充填技术是实现煤矿绿色开采的重要手段，但其充填效果受颗粒粒径级配的显著影响。本文通过物理模型试验，系统研究了不同粒径煤矸石(≤2.5 mm和≤5.0 mm)对非胶结膏体充填过程中浆液流动特性、扩散规律及堆积效应的影响。试验结果表明，细颗粒料浆(A组)扩散范围更广，流动均匀，能有效填充空隙；而粗颗粒料浆(B组)易在管口形成“拱桥效应”，导致扩散受限、压力升高及局部喷浆现象。此外，研究发现水平与垂直方向上均存在颗粒分选现象，粗颗粒多集中于近管口区域，细颗粒则随浆液远距离迁移。基于试验结果，揭示了粒径差异对充填效果的调控机制，提出了优化煤矸石级配的建议，为提升充填效率与安全性提供了理论依据。本研究对煤矿充填技术的改进及工程实践具有重要指导意义。

Abstract: Coal gangue filling technology is an important method for achieving green mining in coal mines, but its filling effectiveness is significantly affected by particle size distribution. This study systematically investigates the effects of different coal gangue particle sizes (≤2.5 mm and ≤5.0 mm) on the flow characteristics, diffusion patterns, and accumulation behavior of non-cemented paste during the filling process through physical model experiments. The experimental results show that fine-particle slurry (Group A) exhibits a wider diffusion range and more uniform flow, effectively filling voids, while coarse-particle slurry (Group B) tends to form a “bridge effect” near the pipe outlet, leading to restricted diffusion, increased pressure, and localized slurry spouting. Additionally, the study reveals particle segregation phenomena in both horizontal and vertical directions, with coarse particles concentrated near the pipe outlet and fine particles migrating over longer distances with the slurry. Based on the experimental results, the regulatory mechanisms of particle size differences on filling effectiveness are elucidated, and recommendations for optimizing coal gangue gradation are proposed, providing a theoretical foundation for improving filling efficiency and safety. This research offers significant guidance for the advancement of coal mine filling technology and engineering practices.