“先买后付”模式下的消费者过度负债风险与权益保护法律机制构建

The Construction of Legal Mechanism for Consumer Over-Indebtedness Risk and Rights Protection under “Buy Now, Pay Later” Model

摘要: 本文旨在探究先买后付(Buy Now, Pay Later, BNPL)模式在中国电子商务领域快速发展背景下引发的消费者过度负债问题及其权益保护方面的法律困境。通过系统分析BNPL模式的基本特征、运作机制及其与传统信贷产品的区别，深入研究消费者过度负债风险的生成机理与具体表现形式。结合《消费者权益保护法》《电子商务法》及相关金融监管规范的现行规定，揭示BNPL模式下消费者知情权、自主选择权和公平交易权受侵害的法律现实。最终从信用评估、信息披露、平台责任与债务纾困等多维度出发，构建系统化的法律保护机制，为完善BNPL监管体系提供理论支持与立法参考。

Abstract: This article aims to explore the issue of consumer over-indebtedness and the legal predicaments in terms of consumer rights protection triggered by the rapid development of the Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) model in the context of China’s e-commerce sector. By systematically analyzing the basic features, operational mechanisms of the BNPL model and its distinctions from traditional credit products, it delves into the generation mechanism and specific manifestations of the risk of consumer over-indebtedness. In combination with the current provisions of the Consumer Rights and Interests Protection Law, the E-Commerce Law, and relevant financial regulatory norms, it reveals the legal reality of the infringement of consumers’ rights to information, autonomous choice, and fair transactions under the BNPL model. Ultimately, it proposes a systematic legal protection mechanism from multiple dimensions including credit assessment, information disclosure, platform responsibility, and debt relief, providing theoretical support and legislative references for improving the regulatory system of BNPL.