重庆市城乡居民相对贫困测度与治理对策研究

Research on the Measurement and Governance Strategies of Relative Poverty among Urban and Rural Residents in Chongqing

摘要: 为探索重庆市相对贫困现状及治理路径，助力区域乡村振兴与共同富裕目标实现，本文基于2019年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)重庆市数据，运用A-F多维贫困测度方法，基于收支、教育、健康与生活条件四个维度构建包含8个指标的多维相对贫困评价体系，对3834个个体样本、1291个家庭样本展开实证分析。结果显示：(1) 单维度层面，恩格尔系数、自评健康状况、人均收入是核心贫困维度，受教育年限与医疗保险相对贫困贡献占比低；(2) 多维层面，重庆相对贫困发生率低于全国水平，随着临界值增大，受教育程度对深度相对贫困家庭的贡献率升至27.6%，成为核心制约；(3) 重庆市农村与城市贫困发生率接近，城市隐形贫困需重点关注。基于此，提出缓解收支与健康叠加剥夺、强化教育对贫困代际传递的阻断作用、分类覆盖城乡隐形贫困群体、完善多维帮扶与精准识别机制的治理对策。

Abstract: To explore the current situation and governance pathways of relative poverty in Chongqing, and to support the realization of regional rural revitalization and common prosperity, this study utilizes data from the 2019 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) in Chongqing. Based on the A-F multidimensional poverty measurement method, a multidimensional relative poverty evaluation system comprising eight indicators across four dimensions—income and expenditure, education, health, and living conditions—was constructed. An empirical analysis was conducted on 3834 individual samples and 1291 household samples. The results indicate that: (1) At the single-dimensional level, the Engel coefficient, self-rated health status, and per capita income are the core dimensions of poverty, while years of education and medical insurance contribute relatively less to relative poverty; (2) At the multidimensional level, the incidence of relative poverty in Chongqing is lower than the national average. As the critical value increases, the contribution rate of education level to deep relative poverty rises to 27.6%, becoming a core constraint; (3) The incidence of poverty in rural and urban areas of Chongqing is similar, with hidden urban poverty requiring particular attention. Based on these findings, governance strategies are proposed, including addressing the overlapping challenges of income-expenditure and health issues, strengthening the role of education in breaking the intergenerational transmission of poverty, implementing targeted measures to cover hidden poverty groups in both urban and rural areas, and improving multidimensional assistance and precise identification mechanisms.