儿童权力观对资源分配的影响：移情的调节作用

Children’s Conception of Power and Its Influence on Resource Allocation: The Moderating Role of Empathy

摘要: 目的：考察中国儿童权力观，以及亲社会权力观对资源分配的正向预测作用并探讨移情的调节作用。方法：一共有135名6~9岁儿童参与研究。采用故事情境法，通过儿童对不同权力观行为的认可程度测量其权力观。采用移情连续体测验和第一方资源分配任务测量被试的移情和资源分配倾向。结果：(1) 6~9岁儿童更倾向于持有亲社会权力观；(2) 控制年龄、性别后，6~9岁儿童的亲社会权力观能正向预测资源分配行为(β = 0.060, P = 0.012)；(3) 6~9岁儿童移情在亲社会权力观和资源分配行为间起到正向调节作用。亲社会权力观对资源分配行为的正向预测作用在移情水平高的儿童中显著增强，而在移情水平低的儿童中不显著。结论：6~9岁中国儿童更倾向持亲社会权力观；儿童的亲社会权力观对资源分配行为具有积极的影响，尤其是对于高移情水平的儿童影响更大。

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to examine Chinese children’s views on social power, specifically the positive predictive role of prosocial power outlook on resource distribution behavior, and to explore the moderating effect of empathy. Methods: A total of 135 children aged 6~9 years participated in the study. A story-based scenario method was used to measure children’s power outlook based on their endorsement of different power-related behaviors. Empathy was assessed using the Empathy Continuum Test, and resource distribution tendency was measured via a first-party resource allocation task. Results: (1) Children aged 6~9 showed a stronger tendency to endorse a prosocial power outlook. (2) After controlling for age and gender, children’s prosocial power outlook positively predicted resource distribution behavior (β = 0.060, P = 0.012). (3) Empathy played a positive moderating role in the relationship between prosocial power outlook and resource distribution behavior. The positive predictive effect of prosocial power outlook on resource distribution behavior was significantly stronger among children with high levels of empathy, but not significant among those with low empathy. Conclusion: Chinese children aged 6~9 are more inclined to hold a prosocial power outlook. Their prosocial power outlook has a positive influence on resource distribution behavior, particularly among children with high levels of empathy.