高特质焦虑个体对负性情绪面孔注意偏向的ERP研究

An ERP Study on the Attention Bias of Individuals with High Trait Anxiety to Negative Emotional Faces

摘要: 目的：探讨高特质焦虑个体对负性情绪面孔的注意偏向。方法：61名大学生，通过状态–特质量表(STAI)，筛选高特质焦虑组29人，低特质焦虑组32名，完成点探测任务，记录相关行为学指标及脑电成分。结果：在点探测任务中，高、低特质焦虑组，在行为学及神经电生理指标上存在显著差异。(1) 行为学数据：结果显示特质焦虑水平和探测位置会影响被试的反应时，进一步交互作用显示，在两种探测点位置条件下，高特质焦虑组的平均反应时均显著大于低特质焦虑组；此外面孔对类型与组别交互效应显著，在探测点同侧条件下，悲伤面孔的平均反应时显著长于恐惧面孔；但在探测点异侧条件下，恰好相反。(2) 脑电成分：结果显示组别主效应显著，高特质焦虑组诱发的P1和N1平均波幅显著大于低特质焦虑组；N1的情绪面孔对主效应显著，即悲伤面孔诱发的N1平均波幅显著大于恐惧面孔，而P1则不显著。这说明高特质焦虑者在认知加工早期占有优先权，会对负性情绪面孔产生更快、更多的注意，而低特质焦虑组差异不显著，因此不存在注意偏向。结论：验证了高特质焦虑个体对负性情绪面孔存在注意偏向，这与很多结论是一致的，并进一步证明了高特质焦虑个体对情绪面孔存在早期的注意警觉。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the attention bias of individuals with high trait anxiety towards negative emotional faces. Methods: Sixty-one college students were screened by State-Trait Scale (STAI), including 29 students in high trait anxiety group and 32 students in low trait anxiety group. They completed the task of point detection and recorded the related behavioral indicators and EEG components. Results: In the task of point detection, there were significant differences in behavioral and electrophysiological indexes between high and low trait anxiety groups. (1) Behavioral data: When the results show that the level of trait anxiety and the location of detection will affect the response of the subjects, further interaction shows that the average reaction time of the high trait anxiety group is significantly greater than that of the low trait anxiety group under the conditions of two locations of detection points; In addition, the interaction effect of faces on types and groups is significant. Under the condition of the same side of the detection point, the average reaction time of sad faces is significantly longer than that of scared faces. But under the condition of different sides of the detection point, the opposite is true. (2) EEG components: The results showed that the main effect of the group was significant, and the average amplitude of P1 and N1 induced by high trait anxiety group was significantly greater than that of low trait anxiety group; The emotional face of N1 has a significant effect on the main effect, that is, the average amplitude of N1 induced by sad faces is significantly greater than that of fearful faces, while P1 is not. This shows that people with high trait anxiety have priority in the early stage of cognitive processing and will pay more attention to negative emotional faces faster, while there is no significant difference in the low trait anxiety group, so there is no attention bias. Conclusion: It is verified that individuals with high trait anxiety have attention bias to negative emotional faces, which is consistent with many conclusions, and further proves that individuals with high trait anxiety have early attention vigilance to emotional faces.