心理距离对不同程度道德违规与道德赞许行为判断的影响

The Effect of Psychological Distance on Moral Judgments of Transgressions with Different Severity and Virtuous Acts with Different Virtuousness

摘要: 目的：本研究用两个实验考察了心理距离对不同程度的道德违规行为及道德赞许行为判断的影响。方法：实验1，自编15个现实道德情境故事，形成包含低、中、高三种程度道德违规的行为判断问卷。通过调整故事情境的关键词完成心理距离诱导，将242名大学生随机分到近、远心理距离组，随即完成道德违规行为判断问卷。实验2方法同实验1，所不同的有两处，一是被试为187名大学生，二是自编15个包含不同程度赞许行为的道德情境故事。结果：远距离下个体对道德标准坚持更强，这一结果在对违规、赞许行为的判断中均存在，只是与赞许情境相比违规情境下心理距离对道德判断影响力更大，这为道德培育工作提供了抓手。赞许行为的道德判断中，远心理距离加强个体对赞许行为的肯定，但这一结果只在对低赞许、中等赞许行为判断时存在；在对违规行为的道德判断中，远心理距离增加个体对违规行为的否定，这一结果在对高违规行为判断时更突出，这提示在心理距离与道德判断的关系中道德准则及支持其构建的价值观具有重要性。

Abstract: Objective: The present research explored the effect of psychological distance on moral judgments of transgressions with different severity and virtuous acts with different virtuousness. Method: In Experiment 1, 15 realistic life scenarios were created to form a transgression judgment questionnaire, including transgressions with less, more, and most severity. Psychological distance was induced by adjusting the keywords in the scenarios, and 242 college students were randomly assigned to either the distant or near psychological distance group and then were asked to complete the moral transgression judgment questionnaire. The procedure of this Experiment 2 was similar as in Experiment 1 except two changes. One was 187 college students participated in this Experiment, the other was 15 moral scenario stories of virtuous acts with different virtuousness were created. Results: We found that distance augmented moral evaluation of both moral transgressions and morally virtuous acts. However, the effect of psychological distance on moral judgment was more pronounced when transgression were judged, compared to virtuous acts. Based on which more effective moral education could be got. Moreover, the virtuousness had moderated the effect of psychological distance on moral judgments. For virtuous acts with most virtuousness, the correlation between psychological distance and the moral judgement were not found. And for immoral acts with less severity, the effect of psychological distance on moral judgments was weak. Support was also obtained in favor of the assumption that value salience was responsible for the psychological distance effect on moral judgments.