基于STAR-CCM+电池模组散热研究

Heat Dissipation Study of Battery Modules Based on STAR-CCM+

摘要: 本研究以3.7 V/156 Ah三元锂离子电池为对象，建立多尺度电热耦合产热模型：先由HPPC实验获取各向异性热物性与熵热系数，再经稳态温升验证，误差 < 5%。继而构建含4串1并电芯与U型液冷板(50%乙二醇，25℃入口)的模组，利用STAR-CCM+模拟55℃环境1.0 C放电工况。无液冷时模组峰值温度达132℃，从而触发热失控；引入液冷后，5 L/min流量下峰值降至65.2 ℃，降幅50.6%。流量 > 2 L/min时边际温降由3.7℃递减至0.4℃，呈现显著效益递减。据此确定2 L/min~3 L/min为冷却性能与泵功的最优平衡区间，为高能量密度电池系统的安全–能效协同设计提供定量准则。

Abstract: This study presents a multiscale electrothermal coupling model for quantifying heat generation in a 3.7 V/156 Ah ternary lithium-ion cell. First, anisotropic thermophysical properties and the entropy-heating coefficient are extracted from HPPC tests. Then, steady-state temperature-rise validation is performed with an error margin of 5%. Next, a module comprising four cells in series and one cell in parallel, integrated with a U-shaped liquid-cooling plate containing 50% ethylene glycol at an inlet temperature of 25˚C, is constructed and analyzed in STAR-CCM+ under an ambient temperature of 55˚C and a discharge protocol of 1.0 C. Without active cooling, the module’s peak temperature reaches 132˚C, triggering thermal runaway. When liquid cooling is activated at 5 L/min, the peak temperature falls to 65.2˚C, corresponding to a 50.6% reduction. Beyond 2 L/min, the marginal temperature drop diminishes from 3.7˚C to 0.4˚C, indicating diminishing returns. Consequently, the flow rate range of 2 L/min~3 L/min is identified as the optimal trade-off between cooling effectiveness and pumping power. This provides quantitative design guidelines for the safety-energy efficiency collaborative design of high-energy-density battery systems.