“解表”与“攻下”治法的认知语义研究

Cognitive Semantics of “Exterior-Releasing Therapy” and “Purgative Therapy” Treatment Methods

摘要: 本文以认知语言学中的意象图式与概念隐喻理论为框架，选取国家标准《中医临床诊疗术语 第3部分：治法》(GB/T 16751.3-2021)中的“解表法”(条款3.1)与“攻下(里)法”(条款3.4)作为研究对象，分析比较两者所隐含的认知机制。研究发现，“解表法”激活了容器图式与中心–边缘图式；“攻下法”则激活了上–下图式与路径图式，并融合了“战争隐喻”的认知结构。尽管两者在高层语义角色(如“患者–病邪–通路–方向”)方面具有共同点，但在空间方位上表现出根本性对立：核心认知机制分别体现为“空间突破”与“重力驱动下的路径疏通”。

Abstract: This study employs cognitive linguistics frameworks of iconic schemas and conceptual metaphor theory to analyze the “Exterior-Releasing Therapy” (Clause 3.1) and “(Interior) Purgative Therapy” (Clause 3.4) from China’s national standard “Terminology for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Part 3: Therapeutic Methods” (GB/T 16751.3-2021). The research reveals that the Exterior-Releasing Therapy activates container schemas and central-peripheral schemas, while the Purgative Therapy engages upper-lower schemas and pathway schemas, integrating the cognitive structure of the “war metaphor”. Although both methods share common high-level semantic roles (e.g., “patient-disease path-pathway-direction”), they fundamentally oppose each other in spatial orientation. Their core cognitive mechanisms are respectively manifested as “spatial breakthrough” and “pathway unblocking driven by gravity”.