“没那么X”新兴构式研究

“Mei Name X” Emerging Configuration Research

摘要: “没那么X”是现代汉语中一个高频使用且具有丰富语用功能的否定性构式，其形式固定、语义灵活，常用于表达说话人对某一命题的否定或反预期态度。本文基于构式语法理论，结合BBC语料库、CCL语料库及网络平台语料(抖音、小红书、微博)，从形式、功能、演变等多个维度对该构式进行系统分析。研究发现，“没那么X”中的常项“没那么”具有否定和程度提示功能，变项“X”可为形容词、名词性短语甚至名词，其语义在构式压制下发生程度弱化或属性否定。该构式在实际使用中经历了从比较结构“A没有B那么X”到简化为“没那么X”的演变过程，并在当代口语和网络语境中进一步发展出反讽性用法，即通过故意使用与主语属性相反的“X”来强化讽刺效果。

Abstract: “Mei Name X” is a highly used negative construct with rich pragmatic functions in modern Chinese, which is fixed in form and flexible in semantics, and is often used to express the speaker’s negative or anti-expected attitude towards a certain proposition. Based on the theory of construct grammar, combined with BBC corpus, CCL corpus, and online platform corpora (Douyin, Xiaohongshu, Weibo), this paper systematically analyzes the construct from multiple dimensions such as form, function, and evolution. It is found that the common term “Mei Name” in “Mei Name X” has the function of negation and degree suggestion, and the variable “X” can be an adjective, a noun phrase or even a noun, and its semantics are weakened or attribute negated under the suppression of construction. This construct has undergone an evolution from the comparative structure “A is not as X as B” to simplified to “Mei Name X” in practical use, and has further developed ironic usage in contemporary colloquial and online contexts, that is, to enhance the ironic effect by deliberately using “X” opposite to the subject’s attribute.