2019~2024年安徽省某市科技工作者健康状况及变化趋势分析

Health Status and Trends among Scientific Researchers in a City of Anhui Province, China, 2019~2024

摘要: 目的：本研究旨在分析2019~2024年安徽省某市科技工作者的健康体检数据，探讨慢性病相关异常指标的检出情况及其变化趋势，为该群体的健康管理与健康促进提供科学依据。方法：采用整群抽样法收集2019~2024年在安徽省某市大型科研院所参与体检的科技工作者体检数据，使用χ²检验和趋势χ²检验比较不同性别、年龄及职业群体之间的差异，并运用Join Point回归模型计算年度变化百分比(APC)，评估各异常指标的趋势变化。结果：2019~2024年科技工作者各异常指标平均检出率依次为：心电图异常41.17%、高尿酸血症34.98%、脂肪肝33.84%、血脂异常30.14%、高血压16.75%、血糖升高4.50%。其中，高尿酸血症(APC = 12.96%, P < 0.05)和脂肪肝(APC = 11.03%, P < 0.05)检出率呈现上升趋势；男性科技工作者高尿酸血症、高血压、血脂异常、脂肪肝、心电图异常以及血糖升高检出率均显著高于女性科技工作者(P < 0.01)；在职职工脂肪肝(APC = 11.94%, P < 0.05)和研究生高尿酸血症(APC = 14.45%, P < 0.05)检出率呈上升趋势；≤29岁和30~39岁群体在高尿酸血症、血脂异常、高血压及脂肪肝均呈现显著上升趋势。结论：科技工作者群体整体慢性病风险较高，主要集中于心血管类和代谢类疾病，且呈现明显的年轻化趋势。应重点关注青年与中年群体，强化个体化健康管理、慢病早筛与健康教育，以提升科技工作者的整体健康水平，促进科研队伍的可持续发展。

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to analyze the health examination data of scientific researchers in a city of Anhui Province from 2019 to 2024, to investigate the prevalence and trends of abnormal indicators related to chronic diseases, and to provide scientific evidence for health management and promotion in this population. Methods: A cluster sampling method was used to collect health examination data of scientific researchers from a large research institute in a city of Anhui Province, China, from 2019 to 2024. Chi-square and trend chi-square tests were applied to compare differences across sex, age, and occupational groups. Joinpoint regression was employed to calculate the annual percent change (APC) and to evaluate the temporal trends of each abnormal indicator. Results: From 2019 to 2024, the average detection rates of abnormal indicators among scientific researchers were as follows: electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities 41.17%, hyperuricemia 34.98%, fatty liver 33.84%, dyslipidemia 30.14%, hypertension 16.75%, and hyperglycemia 4.50%. Significant upward trends were observed in hyperuricemia (APC = 12.96%, P < 0.05) and fatty liver (APC = 11.03%, P < 0.05). Male researchers had significantly higher prevalence rates of hyperuricemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, ECG abnormalities, and hyperglycemia compared with females (P < 0.01). An increasing trend was also identified in fatty liver among employed staff (APC = 11.94%, P < 0.05) and in hyperuricemia among graduate students (APC = 14.45%, P < 0.05). Moreover, participants aged ≤ 29 years and 30~39 years showed significant upward trends in hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and fatty liver. Discussion: Scientific researchers demonstrated a relatively high burden of chronic disease risk, predominantly cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, with a clear trend toward younger onset. Targeted interventions should focus on young and middle-aged groups, emphasizing individualized health management, early screening for chronic diseases, and health education, to improve the overall health of scientific researchers and to support the sustainable development of the research workforce.