刑事法律中“恶意补足年龄规则”的适用研究

Research on the Application of the “Maliciously Supplementing Age Rule” in Criminal Law

摘要: 关于在中国刑法中引入“恶意补足年龄”规则的学术讨论存在显著分歧。该制度与中国刑事法治产生三重张力：违背“矜老恤幼”传统、冲击刑法谦抑性、在程序保障不足时可能加剧司法任意性。在《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(十一)》已对刑事责任年龄进行局部调整的背景下，更具建设性的路径是构建本土化低龄犯罪治理体系，以行为加能力双重标准弹性认定刑责，严格程序审查并强化矫治干预，加强心理学法学双向专业化渗透，实现惩教结合，平衡社会保护与未成年人利益。这既符合国际趋势，也有助于实现法律与社会效果的统一。

Abstract: There are significant differences in academic discussions regarding the introduction of the “malicious age supplement” rule in Chinese criminal law. This system creates a triple tension with China’s criminal rule of law: it violates the tradition of respecting the elderly and caring for the young, undermines the modesty of criminal law, and may exacerbate judicial arbitrariness when procedural safeguards are insufficient. In the context of the partial adjustment of the age of criminal responsibility in the Eleventh Amendment to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China, a more constructive approach is to establish a localized juvenile crime governance system, flexibly determine criminal responsibility based on the dual standards of behavior and ability, strictly review the procedures and strengthen corrective intervention, enhance the two-way professional penetration of psychology and law, achieve the integration of corrections, and balance social protection and the interests of minors. This not only conforms to international trends, but also helps to achieve the unity of legal and social effects.