潮气肺功能、FeNO与TRACK在5岁以下儿童哮喘症状控制监测中的应用价值研究

Study on the Application Value of Tidal Lung Function, FeNO and TRACK in Monitoring Asthma Symptom Control in Children under 5 Years Old

摘要: 目的：本研究通过比较不同症状5岁前哮喘患儿潮气肺功能、FeNO含量及TRACK的变化规律，探讨其对临床症状控制的意义。方法：从2024年2月到2025年2月，共98例5岁以下哮喘患儿，其中32例为良好控制组，部分控制34例，未控制32例。另选取33例健康儿童为对照组。分别测定儿童的潮气功能、FeNO和TRACK评分，并将测试结果和评分结果进行对比。结果：达峰时间比、达峰容积比在未控制组与部分控制组、良好控制组、对照组之间的差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。FeNO在未控制组与部分控制组、良好控制组、对照组之间的差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。比较各组之间的TRACK，TRACK在未控制组、部分控制组、良好控制组两两之间，在未控制组、部分控制组与对照组之间的差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论：5岁前哮喘患儿的达峰时间比、达峰容积比、FeNO和TRACK均可用于评价5岁以内哮喘患者的控制疗效。动态监测哮喘患者的这几个指标，可更精确、更全面地评价5岁以下哮喘患儿的控制情况。

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to explore the significance of tidal lung function, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels, and Test for Respiratory and Asthma Control in Kids (TRACK) scores in evaluating clinical symptom control by comparing their changes in asthmatic children under 5 years old with different symptom control statuses. Methods: A total of 98 asthmatic children under 5 years old were enrolled from February 2024 to February 2025, including 32 in the well-controlled group, 34 in the partially controlled group, and 32 in the uncontrolled group. Additionally, 33 healthy children were selected as the control group. Tidal lung function, FeNO levels, and TRACK scores were measured for all subjects, and the results were compared among groups. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the ratio of time to peak tidal flow (TPTEF/TE) and ratio of volume to peak tidal flow (VPEF/VE) between the uncontrolled group and the partially controlled group, well-controlled group, and control group (all P < 0.05). Significant differences in FeNO levels were also observed between the uncontrolled group and the other three groups (all P < 0.05). For TRACK scores, pairwise comparisons showed statistically significant differences between the uncontrolled, partially controlled, and well-controlled groups; moreover, the uncontrolled and partially controlled groups differed significantly from the control group (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: TPTEF/TE, VPEF/VE, FeNO levels, and TRACK scores can be used to evaluate the control efficacy of asthma in children under 5 years old. Dynamic monitoring of these indicators enables more accurate and comprehensive assessment of asthma control in this pediatric population.