拒不支付劳动报酬罪的程序性要素：功能价值、体系定位与规范阐释

Procedural Elements of the Crime of Refusing to Pay Labor Remuneration: Functional Value, System Positioning, and Normative Interpretation

摘要: 拒不支付劳动报酬罪的程序性要素——“经政府有关部门责令支付”可以有效平衡劳动者权益保护和用人单位(者)存续发展的关系。该罪程序性要素在犯罪论体系中的地位存在众多分歧，并形成了量刑情节说、客观处罚条件说、构成要件要素说、违法要素说以及责任要素说等学说，但是只有客观处罚条件说能够妥善回答程序性要素与不法和有责阶层的关系。程序性要素中的“政府有关部门”应当作狭义解释，限制为劳动行政部门和劳动仲裁部门，“责令支付”应当关注形式要求和实质内容符合刑事实体法与行政前置法的实体规定，通知形式以书面形式、直接送达和一次通知为原则，通知内容要具有法律规定、具体明确并载明行政不利后果。

Abstract: The procedural element of the crime of refusing to pay labor remuneration, “ordered to pay by relevant government departments”, can effectively balance the relationship between the protection of workers’ rights and interests and the survival and development of employers (or the accused). There are numerous differences in the status of this procedural element in the criminal theory system, leading to various theories such as the sentencing circumstance theory, the objective punishment condition theory, the constituent element theory, the illegal element theory, and the responsibility element theory. However, only the objective punishment condition theory can properly answer the relationship between procedural elements and illegal and responsible parties. The “relevant government departments” in the procedural element should be interpreted narrowly, limited to labor administrative departments and labor arbitration departments. “Ordered to pay” should pay attention to both formal requirements and substantive content in accordance with the substantive provisions of criminal substantive law and administrative pre-law. The notification form should follow the principles of written form, direct delivery, and one-time notification. The notification content should be legally prescribed, specific, and clear, and the administrative adverse consequences should be stated.