共生认知论视角下AI时代的翻译审视

Exploring Translation in the AI Era from the Perspective of Symbiotic Cognition

摘要: 随着以大语言模型为代表的生成式人工智能的兴起，翻译行为中的人机关系正从“辅助”、“修正”演变为“共生”范式。为了系统审视这一变革，本文引入“共生认知”理论作为核心分析框架，并结合“延展心智”理论，对AI时代的翻译活动进行谱系学梳理与技术哲学审视。研究认为，人机共生关系通过“递归阐释循环”将翻译从一种意义“再现”行为转变为动态对话式的意义“生产”与协商过程。人工智能扮演“元认知支架”的角色，通过“认知卸载”机制，使译者能专注于更高阶的认知任务。译者的主体性也随之重塑，其核心角色从被动的译后编辑演变为提示工程师与系统训练师。然而，这种新兴的共生模式也引发了语言同质化风险、作者身份危机以及知识产权归属等一系列复杂的伦理与法律挑战。

Abstract: With the rise of Generative AI represented by Large Language Models (LLMs), the human-computer relationship in the field of translation is undergoing a paradigm shift from “assistance” and “correction” to “symbiosis”. To systematically examine this transformation, this paper conducts a genealogical and techno-philosophical review of translation in the AI era in light of the theory of Symbiotic Cognition as the core analytical framework, complemented by the concept of the Extended Mind. The study posits that the human-AI symbiotic relationship transforms translation from a “reproductive” act of meaning into a dynamic, dialogic, and “productive” process of meaning negotiation through “recursive interpretation loops”. In this process, AI functions as a “metacognitive scaffold”, enabling translators to focus on higher-order cognitive tasks via the mechanism of “cognitive offloading”. Consequently, the translator’s subjectivity is reshaped, evolving from a passive post-editor to an active prompt engineer and system trainer. However, this emerging symbiotic model also gives rise to a series of complex ethical and legal challenges, including the risk of linguistic homogenization, the crisis of authorship, and issues of intellectual property rights.