中国特有植物任豆对岩溶地区土壤微生物多样性的影响

Effects of Chinese Endemic Plant Zenia insignis Chun on Soil Microbial Diversity in Karst Area

摘要: 为了说明不同植被对桂西北岩溶地区土壤微生物多样性的影响，以中国特有植物任豆人工林为研究样地，选择保护状况良好的自然植被为对照样地，用高通量测序技术，分析了任豆样地和对照样地植物根部土壤细菌群落组成与物种多样性特征，测定了不同调查样地的土壤理化特性和土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶及碱性磷酸酶活性，并对土壤微生物多样性与土壤理化特性的相关性进行分析。实验结果表明：(1) 不同植被对岩溶地区土壤微生物多样性具有不同的影响，任豆树可有效增加土壤养分含量，优化其土壤微生物群落结构，提高土壤微生物物种多样性；(2) 土壤微生物多样性受调查样地的土壤理化性质及多种环境因子的影响，其中，土壤pH值、有机质含量对土壤微生物群落结构及多样性影响最大；(3) 在门、纲、目、科、属、种水平上，不同调查样地土壤微生物的特有种不同；任豆样地与人为干扰较少的自然植被对照样地土壤微生物群落结构相似，但任豆样地的物种多样性更高，说明任豆人工林样地已恢复到较好的状态。由此可见，以任豆为优势种的植被，能有效改善岩溶地区土壤微生物环境，促进土壤生态系统的恢复。

Abstract: In order to illustrate the impact of different vegetation types on soil microbial diversity in the karst areas of northwest Guangxi, the Chinese endemic plant Z. insignis plantation was selected as the research site, and well protected natural vegetation was chosen as the control site. High throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the composition and species diversity characteristics of plant root soil bacterial communities in Z. insignis and control plots. The soil physicochemical properties and activities of soil sucrase, urease, catalase, and alkaline phosphatase were measured in different survey plots, and the correlation between soil microbial diversity and soil physicochemical properties was analyzed. The experimental results showed that: (1) Different vegetation has different effects on soil microbial diversity in karst areas, and Z. insignis tree can effectively increase soil nutrient content, optimize its soil microbial community structure, and improve soil microbial species diversity; (2) The diversity of soil microorganisms is influenced by the soil physicochemical properties and various environmental factors of the surveyed plots. Among them, soil pH value and organic matter content have the greatest impact on the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities; (3) At the level of phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species, the unique species of soil microorganisms in different survey sites are different; The soil microbial community structure of the Z. insignis plot is similar to that of the natural vegetation control plot with less human interference, but the species diversity of the Z. insignis plot is higher, indicating that the Z. insignis artificial forest plot has been restored to a good state. From this, it can be seen that vegetation with Z. insignis as the dominant species can effectively improve the soil microbial environment in karst areas and promote the restoration of soil ecosystems.