基于WBS的试验科目设计方案优化方法研究

Research on Optimization Method of Test Subject Design Scheme Based on WBS

摘要: 针对传统体系试验设计存在任务重叠、资源配置冗余及效率低下等问题，本文构建了一种基于工作分解结构(Work Breakdown Structure, WBS)的体系试验科目设计优化框架。该框架以试验流程为导向，通过任务层级分解，创新性地构建了包含评估级、要素级、能力级、行动级、参数级的五层分解模型。基于此模型，通过相关行动映射形成试验科目集，并引入单代号网络图技术实现试验进度的动态可视化管控。将方案选择问题转化为多路径优化问题，进而采用蚁群算法对模型进行优化求解，获取最优试验设计方案。经实证分析验证，该优化框架能够有效消除任务重叠，精准配置试验资源，相比传统设计方法，试验周期缩短18.3%，资源利用率提升23.4%，为体系试验设计提供了科学高效的解决方案。

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of task overlap, redundant resource allocation, and low efficiency in traditional equipment test design, this paper constructs an optimization framework for equipment test subject design based on Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). Oriented by the test process, the framework innovatively constructs a five-layer decomposition model, including evaluation level, element level, capability level, action level, and parameter level, through task hierarchy decomposition. Based on this model, a set of test subjects is formed through relevant action mapping, and the single-code network diagram technology is introduced to realize dynamic visual control of the test schedule. The scheme selection problem is transformed into a multi-path optimization problem, and then the ant colony algorithm is used to optimize and solve the model to obtain the optimal test design scheme. Empirical analysis verifies that the optimization framework can effectively eliminate task overlap and accurately configure test resources. Compared with the traditional design method, the test cycle is shortened by 18.3%, and the resource utilization rate is increased by 23.4%, providing a scientific and efficient solution for equipment test design.