CO2RR催化剂体系的研究进展
Research Advances in CO2RR Catalyst Systems
摘要: 电催化二氧化碳还原反应(CO2RR)是实现碳中和与可持续能源转化极具前景的途径，其核心挑战在于开发高效、稳定、低成本且能高选择性生成目标产物的催化剂。为应对这一挑战并梳理领域进展，本文系统综述了近年来CO2RR领域的关键催化剂体系研究动态，重点涵盖金属基材料、碳基材料、分子催化剂以及新兴的单原子催化剂(SACs)和双原子催化剂(DACs)。通过对上述各催化剂体系的催化反应机理、活性位点设计策略及其对C1产物(如一氧化碳、甲酸盐)和C2+产物(如乙烯、乙醇)选择性调控规律的详细探讨，本文深入剖析了不同催化体系的优势与固有的局限性。分析表明，催化剂活性中心的精细结构(如配位环境、金属价态、双原子协同效应)对产物选择性起着决定性作用，且不同材料体系在催化活性、长期稳定性、材料成本及目标产物导向方面各具特色。本综述明晰了现有催化剂体系的构效关系与潜在的优化方向，旨在为未来面向实际应用的高性能CO2RR催化剂的理性设计提供重要见解与参考。
Abstract: Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) represents a highly promising pathway towards achieving carbon neutrality and sustainable energy conversion. Its core challenge lies in the development of efficient, stable, low-cost catalysts capable of generating target products with high selectivity. To address this challenge and review recent progress in the field, this article systematically summarizes key research developments in catalyst systems for CO2RR, with a focus on metal-based materials, carbon-based materials, molecular catalysts, and the emerging classes of single-atom catalysts (SACs) and diatomic catalysts (DACs). Through a detailed exploration of the catalytic reaction mechanisms, active site design strategies, and the governing principles for selectivity regulation towards C1 products (such as carbon monoxide and formate) and C2+ products (such as ethylene and ethanol) across these catalyst systems, this review provides an in-depth analysis of their respective advantages and inherent limitations. The analysis reveals that the fine structure of the catalyst’s active center (e.g., coordination environment, metal valence state, diatomic synergy) plays a decisive role in product selectivity. Furthermore, different material systems exhibit distinct characteristics in terms of catalytic activity, long-term stability, material cost, and target product orientation. This review clarifies the structure-activity relationships and potential optimization directions for existing catalyst systems, aiming to provide fundamental insights and references for the future rational design of high-performance CO2RR catalysts targeting practical applications.
文章引用：太天驰, 龚也典. CO2RR催化剂体系的研究进展[J]. 材料化学前沿, 2025, 13(4): 407-415. https://doi.org/10.12677/amc.2025.134042

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