网约车平台安全保障义务研究

Research on Safety Assurance Obligations of Ride-Hailing Platforms

摘要: 由于科学技术的发展与交通和通信领域之间存在着不可分割的联系，社会中的交通创新正在不断扩展，人们的出行变得更加便捷，交通选择也更加丰富多样。自网约车这种方便消费者使用和获取的交通方式出现以来，交通领域发生了重大变化。网约车平台履行安全保障义务对保护民众生命安全至关重要。我国目前网约车运营模式为自有车辆直接雇佣模式、租赁车代驾模式和社会车辆加盟模式。社会车辆加盟模式作为主流模式，网约车平台和驾驶员构建了新型合作伙伴关系。网约车平台安全保障义务面临着网约车平台的法律地位不确定、安全保障义务的内容模糊和安全保障义务相应责任不明确的困境。对此，我国应明确网约车平台法律定位、保障算法公平和明确安全保障义务相应责任。

Abstract: Due to the inseparable connection between scientific and technological development and the transportation and communications sectors, transportation innovations in society are continuously expanding, making travel more convenient and offering richer, more diverse transportation options. Since the emergence of ride-hailing services—a transportation method convenient for consumers to use and access—significant changes have occurred in the transportation sector. Ride-hailing platforms’ fulfillment of safety obligations is crucial for protecting public safety. China’s current ride-hailing operational models include direct employment of company-owned vehicles, leased vehicles with designated drivers, and social vehicle franchising. As the predominant model, social vehicle franchising establishes a novel partnership between ride-hailing platforms and drivers. Ride-hailing platforms face challenges in fulfilling their safety obligations due to uncertainties in their legal status, ambiguous definitions of their responsibilities, and unclear accountability for safety failures. In response, China should clarify the legal status of ride-hailing platforms, ensure algorithmic fairness, and define the corresponding responsibilities for safety obligations.