多酚与植物蛋白在肌肉减少性肥胖防治中的研究进展

Research Progress on Polyphenols and Plant Proteins in the Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenic Obesity

摘要: 肌肉减少性肥胖(Sarcopenic Obesity, SO)是一种以骨骼肌质量、力量和(或)功能下降并伴脂肪异常积累为特征的代谢性疾病。SO不仅显著增加跌倒、骨折及活动受限的风险，还与全因死亡率升高及医疗资源负担增加密切相关。随着全球人口老龄化加速及肥胖率持续上升，SO的发病率呈逐年增长趋势，已成为重要公共卫生问题。近年来，营养干预作为SO预防和治疗的重要策略，受到广泛关注。多酚类化合物因其抗氧化和抗炎特性，能够改善代谢稳态及肌肉功能；植物蛋白则通过提供必需氨基酸及其代谢产物，促进肌肉蛋白合成，有助于优化身体组成、增强肌肉力量及提升功能表现。此外，多酚与植物蛋白之间存在相互作用，影响营养素的消化吸收及生物利用度，且可能产生协同效应。然而，现有研究多集中于单一营养成分的作用，二者的联合作用及其机制尚未明确。本文综述了多酚与植物蛋白质在SO防治领域的研究进展，探讨其潜在作用机制，旨在为营养干预策略的制定及临床实践提供理论依据。

Abstract: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a metabolic disorder characterized by the decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and/or function accompanied by abnormal fat accumulation. SO not only markedly increases the risks of falls, fractures, and functional limitations, but is also closely associated with higher all-cause mortality and greater healthcare burden. With global population aging accelerating and obesity prevalence continuing to rise, the incidence of SO has been increasing annually and has become an important public health concern. In recent years, nutritional interventions have gained increasing attention as key strategies for the prevention and treatment of SO. Polyphenols, owing to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, can improve metabolic homeostasis and muscle function, whereas plant proteins, by providing essential amino acids and their metabolites, promote muscle protein synthesis and contribute to optimizing body composition, enhancing muscle strength, and improving physical performance. Furthermore, interactions between polyphenols and plant proteins may influence nutrient digestion, absorption, and bioavailability, potentially leading to synergistic effects. However, most current studies have focused on the effects of single nutrients, and the combined effects and underlying mechanisms of polyphenols and plant proteins remain to be clarified. This review summarizes recent advances in research on polyphenols and plant proteins in the prevention and management of SO, explores their potential mechanisms, and aims to provide theoretical evidence for nutritional intervention strategies and clinical practice.