亚里士多德“伦理–政治实践论”的研究

Research on Aristotle’s “Ethics-Politics Practice Theory”

摘要: 实践哲学一般从总体上划分为亚里士多德创立的“伦理–政治实践论”以及由之派生出的培根的“科学–技术实践论”，后世的其他形态的实践哲学都是这两种“基本范型”的派生和延伸。亚里士多德的“伦理–政治实践论”是实践哲学最初的形态，其第一次把实践哲学从形而上学中区分出来，形成了独立的实践哲学研究系统，是后世延伸和发展实践哲学的源头，也是研究实践哲学的基础。文章论述了亚里士多德对“伦理–政治实践论”模式的实践哲学的构建，他将这种模式置于现实的个人与城邦发展中，论证了伦理学与政治学互相支撑的重要联系，但随着时代的进步和科学技术的发展，这种简单的基本范型的局限性逐渐凸显，在实践的知识领域、全面程度以及形式上都发生了拓展和转型。

Abstract: Practical philosophy is generally divided into two main traditions: the “ethics-politics practice theory” established by Aristotle and the “science-technology practice theory” that later developed from it by Bacon. All subsequent forms of practical philosophy have been derived from and extended based on these two foundational models. Aristotle’s “ethics-politics practice theory” represents the earliest formulation of practical philosophy. He was the first to distinguish practical philosophy from metaphysics, thereby establishing an independent framework for its study. This framework serves as both the origin of later developments in practical philosophy and the foundational basis for its contemporary study. This paper examines Aristotle’s construction of the “ethics-politics practice theory” model, situating it within the development of both individual beings and the polis. It illustrates the essential and mutually reinforcing relationship between ethics and politics. However, as times have changed and scientific and technological advancements have progressed, the limitations of this original model have become increasingly evident. Consequently, it has undergone expansion and transformation in terms of practical knowledge, comprehensiveness, and structural form.