刑事抽样取证规则探析——以网络暴力犯罪为视角

An Analysis of Criminal Sampling and Evidence Collection Rules: From the Perspective of Cyber Violence Crimes

摘要: 随着信息网络技术的不断发展，一些刑事犯罪案件脱离传统类型，呈现出新与互联网相结合的新特点。网络暴力犯罪案件中，一些不特定的、多数的侵害人针对某个或者某几个被侵害人实施一些以互联网为媒介，运用文字或者图片等信息实施侵害，由于互联网信息传播方式具有速度快、跨域广等特点，因此产生的证据数量也呈现出海量的特点。由于刑事案件中获取的证据是侦破案件的关键要素，在面对海量的证据下，有限的司法资源不能做到全面取证。为解决证据数量与司法资源之间出现的困扰，刑事抽样取证立足于统计学的基本原理，满足了取证方式的科学性与客观性的基本要求，降低了在网络暴力犯罪案件中产生的海量证据的证明难度问题。但在目前的司法实践中，抽样取证规则尚未得到明确规范，仅在个别类案的相关法律规范中进行了粗略规定，因此亟须构建刑事抽样取证规则以缓解海量证据的困境。

Abstract: With the continuous development of information network technology, some criminal cases have deviated from traditional types, exhibiting new characteristics that combine the Internet with traditional methods. For example, in cases of cyber violence, some unspecified and numerous perpetrators target one or multiple victims, using the Internet as a medium to inflict harm through text, images, or other information. Due to the rapid and wide-ranging dissemination of information on the Internet, the amount of evidence generated also presents a massive characteristic. Since evidence obtained in criminal cases is a key element in solving cases, limited judicial resources cannot achieve comprehensive evidence collection in the face of massive evidence. To address the dilemma between the amount of evidence and judicial resources, criminal sampling evidence collection is based on the fundamental principles of statistics, meets the basic requirements of scientific and objective evidence collection methods, and reduces the difficulty of proving the massive evidence generated in cyber violence cases. However, in current judicial practice, the rules for sampling evidence collection have not been clearly regulated, and only rough provisions have been made in relevant legal norms for individual cases. Therefore, it is urgent to establish rules for criminal sampling evidence collection to alleviate the dilemma of massive evidence.