商事调解协议司法确认制度研究

Judicial Confirmation Procedure for Commercial Mediation Agreements

摘要: 商事调解协议司法确认制度是一种通过非讼程序将经调解达成的和解协议转换为具有既判力与强制执行力的司法文书的法定制度。该制度充分体现效率与公正相统一的程序法价值，并有效服务于诉源治理及多元化纠纷解决体系的构建。当前，我国已初步建立起以《民事诉讼法》为基础，司法解释与司法政策为补充的多层次规范体系，并逐步形成线上与线下相结合的确认模式。然而，该制度仍面临立法体系分散、审查标准不统一、虚假调解风险以及救济制度不足等问题。通过探讨明确其商法属性与审查标准，建立风险分级审查与失信惩戒制度，并完善第三人撤销之诉及检察监督程序，以期系统提升制度的公正性、效率性与国际竞争力。

Abstract: The judicial confirmation system for commercial mediation agreements is a legal mechanism that converts settlement agreements reached through mediation into judicial documents with res judicata and enforceability through non-litigious procedures. This system fully embodies the value of procedural law that integrates efficiency and justice, and effectively serves the construction of the source governance of litigation and the diversified dispute resolution system. Currently, China has initially established a multi-level normative system based on the Civil Procedure Law, supplemented by judicial interpretations and judicial policies, and has gradually formed a confirmation model that combines online and offline. However, this system still faces problems such as scattered legislation, inconsistent review standards, risks of false mediation, and insufficient relief mechanisms. By discussing and clarifying its commercial law attributes and review standards, establishing a risk-level review and credit-punishment mechanism, and improving the third-party revocation lawsuit and procuratorial supervision procedures, it is expected to systematically enhance the fairness, efficiency, and international competitiveness of the system.