高温燃气实验装置主被动复合热防护数值模拟

Numerical Simulation of Active-Passive Composite Thermal Protection in High-Temperature Gas Experimental Device

摘要: 为了高温燃气实验装置的可靠工作，采用主被动结合的复合热防护方案。选取典型工况设计了装置结构，开展流动与传热耦合数值模拟研究，获得了实验装置的温度分布，并研究分析了不同冷却剂及其流量的冷却效果。结果表明：采用主被动结合的复合热防护方案可以实现高温燃气实验装置的冷却，温度分布显示实验装置通过复合热防护方案有效分散热量，确保高温工况下的结构安全性和可靠性；冷却剂流量增加能够有效降低实验装置内壁面温度，同时，流量增加会导致系统压降增大，需在冷却性能和能耗间找到平衡点；与液态水相比，在相同热流密度条件下，液态甲烷可实现更低的温度分布，提升实验装置的使用寿命。

Abstract: To ensure the reliable operation of the high-temperature gas experimental device, an active-passive combined composite thermal protection scheme was adopted. A cooling structure was designed for typical operating conditions, and a numerical simulation study on the coupling of flow and heat transfer in the high-temperature gas flow channel under such typical conditions was conducted. The flow field of the high-temperature gas flow channel and the temperature distribution of the active-passive combined thermal protection structure were obtained, and the cooling effects of different coolants and their flow rates were analyzed. The results show that the active-passive combined composite thermal protection scheme can realize the cooling of the high-temperature gas flow channel structure under typical operating conditions. The temperature distribution indicates that the cooling structure effectively dissipates heat through the composite thermal protection scheme, ensuring the structural safety and reliability under high-temperature conditions; An increase in coolant flow rate significantly reduces the wall temperature of the cooling structure, but at the same time, it leads to an increase in system pressure drop; Under the same heat flux density, liquid methane can achieve a lower and more uniform temperature distribution compared with water, thereby extending the service life of the cooling structure.