基于学科核心素养的高中化学实验创新与实施

Innovation and Implementation of High School Chemistry Experiments Based on Core Literacy of the Subject

摘要: 基于《普通高中化学课程标准》对科学探究与创新意识的要求，针对高中化学实验教学存在的课时不足、资源配置失衡、安全环保隐患等突出问题，本研究采用行动研究法，构建包括生活化实验材料应用、数字化技术融合、探究式实验设计的三维创新模型。以氨气喷泉实验的一体化改进为例，通过装置创新(成功率提升至98%)、试剂替代(紫甘蓝指示剂)、流程优化(实验时间缩短至8分钟)，实现知识建构与素养培育的双重目标。实践表明，创新方案可使学生实验参与度提升35%，危险废弃物排放减少62%，研究结果为高中化学实验教学改革提供了理论依据与实践参考。

Abstract: Based on the requirements for scientific inquiry and innovative consciousness in the “General Senior High School Chemistry Curriculum Standards”, and in response to the prominent problems existing in high school chemistry experiment teaching, such as insufficient class hours, unbalanced resource allocation, and safety and environmental protection risks, this study adopts the action research method to construct a three-dimensional innovation model including the application of life-oriented experimental materials, the integration of digital technology, and the design of inquiry-based experiments. Taking the integrated improvement of the ammonia fountain experiment as an example, through device innovation (success rate increased to 98%), reagent substitution (purple cabbage indicator), and process optimization (experiment time shortened to 8 minutes), the dual goals of knowledge construction and quality cultivation are achieved. Practice shows that the innovative plan can increase student participation in experiments by 35% and reduce the discharge of hazardous waste by 62%. The research results provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the reform of high school chemistry experiment teaching.