烟叶分类采烤实践困境与提升路径探索

Practical Dilemmas and Improvement Paths for Classified Harvesting and Curing of Tobacco

摘要: 目的：烟叶分类采烤是提升烤后烟叶质量的关键措施，但因成本、习惯及烤房容量等因素制约，其在部分地区推广仍面临困难。本文旨在探讨烟叶分类采烤技术在推广过程中的现实困境及提升路径，为更好地落实本项措施提供参考。方法：采用问卷调查与走访调查相结合的方式，对云南省玉溪市某县5个乡镇144户烟农开展调研，分析分类采烤的认知水平、实施现状和存在问题。结果：小规模种植户因资源分散、烤房容量不匹配等问题实施比例较低，同时存在“依赖补贴”、“技术认知不足”及“考核机制缺失”等多重困境。结论：通过资源整合、差异化补贴、数据化培训及多层考核机制四个方面系统推进，以提升分类采烤技术的接受度和实施效果。

Abstract: Objective: Classified harvesting and curing of tobacco leaves is a key measure for improving the quality of cured tobacco leaves. However, due to constraints such as cost, traditional practices, and curing barn capacity, its promotion in some regions still faces challenges. This paper aims to explore the practical difficulties and improvement paths in the promotion of classified harvesting and curing technology, providing references for better implementation of this measure. Methods: A combination of questionnaire surveys and field visits was used to investigate 144 tobacco farmers in five townships of a county in Yuxi City, Yunnan Province. The study analyzed the level of awareness, implementation status, and existing problems regarding classified harvesting and curing. Results: Small-scale growers had a lower implementation rate due to issues such as dispersed resources and mismatched curing barn capacity. Additionally, multiple challenges were identified, including “dependency on subsidies,” “insufficient technical knowledge,” and “lack of assessment mechanisms.” Conclusion: Systematic advancements in four areas—resource integration, differentiated subsidies, data-driven training, and multi-tiered assessment mechanisms—can enhance the acceptance and implementation effectiveness of classified harvesting and curing technology.