目的论视域下DeepSeek与人工翻译文学译本对比分析：以《了不起的盖茨比》为例

A Comparative Study of DeepSeek and Human Translation of The Great Gatsby from the Perspective of Skopos Theory

摘要: 人工智能翻译技术的快速发展给文学翻译带来机遇与挑战。本文以目的论(Skopos Theory)为框架，选取经典小说《了不起的盖茨比》中七个关键片段，对比DeepSeek译本与巫宁坤经典译本的差异。分析发现DeepSeek在语言理解和表达方面均有突出表现，有优于人工译本的地方(如“奋力向前，逆水行舟”还原原文节奏感)，但在实现文学翻译的核心目的时存在局限，具体表现为生造表达(如“见识未广”)、文化误读(误译“moral attention”为“兵士肃立”)及情感传递偏差(将心理暗示译为“悬于天际”)，难以满足目的论中的目的原则、连贯性与忠实性原则。基于此，论文提出“人机协作”优化路径：人类译者主导文化解读与艺术再创造，DeepSeek承担初稿生成与语言校验，二者优势互补。本文为AI时代的文学翻译实践提供了实证参考，未来需通过更多样本文本验证协作模型的普适性。

Abstract: The rapid development of AI technology presents both opportunities and challenges for literary translation. Taking Skopos Theory as the analytical framework, this paper compares seven key passages from The Great Gatsby in the DeepSeek translation and Wu Ningkun’s classic version. The analysis shows that DeepSeek demonstrates notable strengths in language comprehension and expression, and in some cases even surpasses the human translation (e.g., preserving the rhythm of “boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past”). However, it also reveals limitations in achieving the core purposes of literary translation, such as producing awkward expressions (e.g., “见识未广”), cultural misinterpretations (e.g., mistranslating “moral attention” as “兵士肃立”), and emotional deviations (e.g., rendering a psychological hint as “悬于天际”). These issues hinder compliance with Skopos Theory’s principles of purpose, coherence, and fidelity. Based on this, the paper proposes a “human-AI collaboration” model: human translators should lead in cultural interpretation and artistic recreation, while DeepSeek can assist in drafting and language refinement, thus achieving complementary strengths. This study provides empirical insights into literary translation practice in the AI era, while future research should test the applicability of this collaborative model across more diverse texts.