工科大学生简历制作与面试指导问题的分析与对策

Analysis and Countermeasures of Resume Making and Interview Guidance Issues for Engineering College Students

摘要: 在企业对复合型创新型人才需求增加、就业市场竞争加剧的背景下，工科大学生在简历制作与面试环节的表现直接影响就业成功率。文章以伊犁师范大学工科专业学生为研究对象，采用定量与定性结合的混合研究方法：通过面向300名工科本科生(涵盖大一至大四)的问卷调查，收集简历制作习惯、面试认知等数据；对20名企业HR、15名毕业班辅导员及30名已就业毕业生开展结构化访谈，挖掘问题成因；同时选取电气、电子等专业23名学生作为实验组，另选同专业25名未参与干预的学生作为对照组，开展为期1年的准实验研究。研究发现，工科大学生存在对简历和面试重要性认识不足、简历制作不规范等六大问题，结合“职业成熟度”“信息不对称”等理论分析成因，提出提高师生危机意识、发挥多方协同作用等对策。通过量化指标(简历质量评分、模拟面试表现评分)对比验证，实验组干预后简历质量平均分从38.2分提升至75.6分，模拟面试通过率从21.7%提升至73.9%，显著优于对照组(简历质量平均分提升12.3分，面试通过率提升8.5%)，证实对策有效性。研究旨在为地方性师范类院校工科专业改善就业指导工作、打通就业“最后一公里”提供参考。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of an increasing demand for compound and innovative talents from enterprises and intensified competition in the job market, the performance of engineering college students in resume making and interview stages directly affects their employment success rate. This paper takes the students majoring in engineering at Yili Normal University as the research objects and adopts a mixed research method combining quantitative and qualitative approaches: Through a questionnaire survey targeting 300 undergraduate engineering students (covering freshmen to seniors), data such as resuit-making habits and interview cognition are collected; Structured interviews were conducted with 20 enterprise HRS, 15 counselors of graduating classes and 30 employed graduates to explore the causes of the problems. Meanwhile, 23 students majoring in electrical engineering, electronics, etc. were selected as the experimental group, and another 25 students of the same major who did not participate in the intervention were selected as the control group to carry out a one-year quasi-experimental study. Research has found that engineering college students have six major problems, including insufficient understanding of the importance of resumes and interviews and non-standard resume production. By analyzing the causes based on theories such as “career maturity” and “information asymmetry”, countermeasures such as enhancing the crisis awareness of teachers and students and giving full play to the collaborative role of multiple parties are proposed. Through the comparison and verification of quantitative indicators (resume quality score, mock interview performance score), the average resume quality score of the experimental group increased from 38.2 points to 75.6 points after the intervention, and the mock interview pass rate increased from 21.7% to 73.9%, which was significantly better than that of the control group (the average resume quality score increased by 12.3 points, and the interview pass rate increased by 8.5%). Confirm the effectiveness of the countermeasures. The research aims to provide references for local normal universities to improve employment guidance for engineering majors and bridge the “last mile” of employment.