马克思主义视角下电商经济中的公平与效率问题研究

Study on Fairness and Efficiency in E-Commerce Economy from the Perspective of Marxism

摘要: 本研究以马克思主义理论为分析框架，聚焦电商经济发展中公平与效率的辩证关系。首先，基于马克思主义生产力与生产关系原理，剖析电商技术革新对社会生产效率的提升机制，指出其在优化资源配置、降低交易成本、拓展市场边界等方面的积极作用。其次，结合马克思主义公平观，揭示电商经济运行中公平性缺失的具体表现，包括平台垄断导致的市场机会不均、数据要素分配失衡引发的贫富差距、算法歧视带来的交易公平受损等问题。最后，提出协调电商经济公平与效率的路径：通过强化反垄断监管规范平台资本无序扩张，建立数据要素合理分配机制保障多元主体权益，完善数字经济治理体系以实现效率提升与公平保障的有机统一，推动电商经济朝着更符合社会整体利益的方向发展。

Abstract: This study adopts Marxist theory as its analytical framework and focuses on the dialectical relationship between equity and efficiency in the development of the e-commerce economy. First, based on the Marxist principle of productive forces and production relations, it analyzes the mechanism through which e-commerce technological innovation enhances social production efficiency, and points out its positive roles in optimizing resource allocation, reducing transaction costs, and expanding market boundaries. Second, combined with the Marxist view of equity, it reveals the specific manifestations of equity deficiencies in the operation of the e-commerce economy, including unequal market opportunities caused by platform monopoly, the gap between the rich and the poor triggered by the unbalanced distribution of data factors, and damaged transaction fairness resulting from algorithm discrimination. Finally, it proposes paths to balance equity and efficiency in the e-commerce economy: standardizing the unregulated expansion of platform capital by strengthening anti-monopoly supervision, establishing a reasonable distribution mechanism for data factors to protect the rights and interests of multiple subjects, and improving the digital economy governance system to achieve the organic unity of efficiency improvement and equity protection, thereby promoting the development of e-commerce economy in a direction more in line with the overall interests of society.