养老机构失智症护理员照护胜任力的质性研究

A Qualitative Research on the Competency of Dementia Caregivers in Elderly Care Institutions

摘要: 目的：探讨护理员胜任失智老年人照护工作所需具备的胜任力特征，为失智症护理员的培养、考核和能力评估提供参考依据。方法：采用目的抽样法，于2024年8月~9月选取唐山市2家养老机构的12名管理者和15名护理员作为研究对象，基于冰山模型，采用现象学方法，对研究对象进行半结构式访谈，并通过Colaizzi七步分析法进行资料分析、归类和主题提取。结果：共提炼出理论知识、专业技能、通用能力、职业态度和个人特质5个一级主题和16个二级主题。结论：护理员进行失智老年人照护工作时，不仅需具备知识和技能等显性胜任力特征，还需要能力和特质等隐性胜任力特质。未来可结合失智症护理员照护胜任力特征进行系统规范地选拔和培训。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the competency characteristics required for caregivers to provide effective care for elderly individuals with dementia, thereby providing a reference for the training, assessment, and competency evaluation of dementia caregivers. Methods: Using purposive sampling, 12 managers and 15 caregivers from two elderly care institutions in Tangshan City were selected as research subjects between August and September 2024. Based on the iceberg model, phenomenological methods were employed to conduct semi-structured interviews with the subjects. Data analysis, categorization, and theme extraction were performed using Colaizzi’s seven-step analysis method. Results: Five primary themes—theoretical knowledge, professional skills, general competencies, professional attitude, and personal traits—and 16 secondary themes were identified. Conclusion: Caregivers providing dementia care require not only explicit competency traits like knowledge and skills but also implicit traits such as abilities and personal characteristics. Future efforts should integrate these competency characteristics into systematic selection and training programs for dementia caregivers.