强制风冷与浸没式液冷对电池热管理性能影响的对比研究
Comparative Study on the Impact of Forced Air Cooling and Immersion Liquid Cooling on Battery Thermal Management Performance
摘要: 电池热管理对锂离子电池系统的安全与高效运行至关重要。本研究基于CFD仿真方法，针对高能量密度电池的散热需求，系统比较了强制风冷与浸没式液冷两种热管理方案的性能差异。仿真结果显示，初始风冷方案效果欠佳，电池组最高温度达38.45℃，最大温差为10.96℃。经参数优化后，最高温度降至32.77℃，最大温差缩小至5.89℃，但仍难以满足长期运行要求。转而采用浸没式液冷方案后，系统性能显著提升。在矿物油、AmpCool AC-110和HFE-7100三种冷却工质中，HFE-7100表现最优，可将电池最高温度控制在26.18℃，最大温差仅为1.11℃。研究表明，浸没式液冷技术能够有效克服风冷系统的散热局限，为高能量密度电池热管理系统设计提供了重要理论支撑和实践依据。
Abstract: Thermal management is crucial for the safe and efficient operation of lithium-ion battery systems. This study employs CFD simulation methods to systematically compare the performance differences between forced air cooling and immersion liquid cooling to address the heat dissipation requirements of high-energy-density batteries. Simulation results indicate that the initial forced air cooling solution performed inadequately, with the maximum battery pack temperature reaching 38.45˚C and the maximum temperature difference amounting to 10.96˚C. After parameter optimization, the maximum temperature was reduced to 32.77˚C, and the maximum temperature difference was narrowed to 5.89˚C. However, these results still fell short of meeting the requirements for long-term operation. Upon switching to the immersion liquid cooling solution, the system performance improved significantly. Among the three cooling mediums tested—mineral oil, AmpCool AC-110, and HFE-7100—HFE-7100 demonstrated the best performance, maintaining the maximum battery temperature at 26.18˚C and limiting the maximum temperature difference to just 1.11˚C. The study confirms that immersion liquid cooling technology effectively overcomes the heat dissipation limitations of air cooling systems, providing critical theoretical support and practical insights for the design of thermal management systems for high-energy-density batteries.
文章引用：吴胜浩, 杨英英, 李帅军, 罗文欣, 王兰馨, 任燕, 武卫东, 张华. 强制风冷与浸没式液冷对电池热管理性能影响的对比研究[J]. 建模与仿真, 2025, 14(10): 223-234. https://doi.org/10.12677/mos.2025.1410619

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