黄河流域内蒙古段村镇聚落体系演化及其驱动力分析

Evolution and Driving Mechanisms of Village and Town Settlement Systems in the Inner Mongolia Section of the Yellow River Basin

摘要: 以黄河流域内蒙古段42个旗县为研究单元，基于1990~2020年土地利用数据，运用位序–累积规模模型与分形理论，分析了村镇聚落体系的规模结构与空间格局演化，并探讨其驱动机制。结果表明：研究区村镇聚落整体具有几何分形特征，聚落多以行政单元几何中心为核心呈向心集聚。1990~2020年间，β值整体保持稳定但区域差异显著，形成西南高、东北低和沿河高、内陆低的格局；聚集维数D值总体趋于均衡，但部分地区仍存在“空心化”现象。驱动机制上，自然条件是基础约束，经济发展与城镇化是核心动力，交通与政策制度发挥加速与调控作用，不同区域表现出差异化演化路径：平原与灌溉区聚落扩张并融入城镇，丘陵与牧区则因非农产业薄弱与人口外流而规模偏小、分布零散。研究揭示了村镇聚落体系的时空演化规律，为区域城乡融合与乡村振兴提供理论参考。

Abstract: Based on land-use data from 1990 to 2020, this study takes 42 banners and counties in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River Basin as the research units. By applying the rank-size model and fractal theory, it examines the evolution of the scale structure and spatial pattern of village and town settlement systems, and further explores their driving mechanisms. Results show that the settlement system in the study area exhibits clear fractal characteristics, with most settlements concentrically distributed around the geometric center of each administrative unit. From 1990 to 2020, the β values remained generally stable but displayed significant regional differences, forming a spatial pattern of higher values in the southwest and along the Yellow River, and lower values in the northeast and inland areas. The fractal dimension (D) values tended to become more balanced, though “hollowing out” persisted in certain regions. In terms of driving mechanisms, natural conditions act as the basic constraint, economic development and urbanization serve as the core forces, while transportation and institutional policies play accelerating and regulating roles. Distinct evolutionary paths are observed: settlements in plains and irrigated zones expanded and were gradually integrated into towns, whereas those in hilly and pastoral areas, constrained by weak non-agricultural industries and population outflow, remained small in scale and scattered in distribution. This study reveals the spatiotemporal evolution of village and town settlements in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River Basin and provides theoretical reference for promoting regional urban-rural integration and rural revitalization.