基于RSM的炭黑陶粒优化与性能研究

Optimization and Performance Study of Carbon Black/Ceramsite Composites for Microwave Absorption Using Response Surface Methodology

摘要: 针对传统吸波材料在荒漠环境中成本高、适应性差的问题，本研究以工业固废粉煤灰为基体、炭黑为吸波相，采用Box-Behnken设计结合响应面法，优化炭黑/陶粒复合材料的制备工艺。以炭黑含量、烧结温度和保温时间为变量，反射损耗和抗压强度为响应值，建立显著(p < 0.0001)的二次回归模型。结果表明，炭黑含量对微波吸收性能影响最大。优化工艺参数为：炭黑18.5 wt%、烧结温度655℃、保温时间11.5 min。在该条件下，陶粒反射损耗达−25.3 dB (@10.2 GHz)，抗压强度为3.0 MPa，预测与实验值误差小于5%。该材料在X波段表现出强吸收、宽频带特性，兼具良好力学性能，适用于开发低成本雷达隐身材料。

Abstract: Aiming to address the issues of high cost and poor adaptability of traditional microwave-absorbing materials in desert environments, this study used fly ash (an industrial solid waste) as the matrix and carbon black as the microwave-absorbing phase. The Box-Behnken design combined with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the preparation process of carbon black/ceramsite composites. Taking carbon black content, sintering temperature, and holding time as variables, and reflection loss (RL) and compressive strength (CS) as response values, a highly significant quadratic regression model (p < 0.0001) was established. The results indicated that carbon black content had the most significant effect on the microwave absorption performance of the composites. The optimized process parameters were determined as follows: carbon black content of 18.5 wt%, sintering temperature of 655˚C, and holding time of 11.5 min. Under these conditions, the ceramsite achieved an RL of −25.3 dB at 10.2 GHz and a CS of 3.0 MPa, with the relative error between the predicted and experimental values being less than 5%. This composite exhibits excellent strong absorption capacity and wide bandwidth in the X-band, along with good mechanical properties, making it suitable for the development of low-cost radar stealth materials.